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Vulnerabilities

CVE-2015-4495

Critical 🇺🇸 CISA KEV ⚡ Exploit Available
Mozilla Firefox Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability — Moxilla Firefox allows remote attackers to bypass the Same Origin Policy to read arbitrary files or gain privileges.
Published: May 25, 2022  ·  Source: CISA_KEV
CVSS v3
9.0
🔗 NVD Official
📄 Description (English)

Mozilla Firefox Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability — Moxilla Firefox allows remote attackers to bypass the Same Origin Policy to read arbitrary files or gain privileges.

🤖 AI Executive Summary

CVE-2015-4495 is a critical Same Origin Policy bypass vulnerability in Mozilla Firefox (CVSS 9.0) that allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files and escalate privileges. This vulnerability poses severe risk to Saudi organizations as it enables attackers to circumvent fundamental browser security controls. Exploitation is straightforward with public exploits available, making immediate patching essential across all Firefox deployments.

📄 Description (Arabic)

ثغرة تجاوز ميزة الأمان في موزيلا فايرفوكس تسمح للمهاجمين البعيدين بتجاوز سياسة نفس الأصل (Same Origin Policy) مما يمكنهم من قراءة ملفات عشوائية أو الحصول على امتيازات إضافية

🤖 ملخص تنفيذي (AI)

تسمح ثغرة في موزيلا فايرفوكس للمهاجمين البعيدين بتجاوز سياسة نفس الأصل لقراءة ملفات عشوائية أو الحصول على امتيازات

🤖 AI Intelligence Analysis Analyzed: Apr 2, 2026 16:05
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia Impact Assessment
This vulnerability critically impacts Saudi banking sector (SAMA-regulated institutions), government agencies (NCA oversight), and healthcare organizations relying on Firefox for secure communications. Financial institutions using Firefox for online banking portals face direct risk of unauthorized file access and credential theft. Government entities processing classified information through Firefox are at severe risk. Telecommunications companies (STC, Mobily) and energy sector (ARAMCO) face potential data exfiltration. Educational institutions and private sector organizations using Firefox for sensitive operations are equally vulnerable.
🏢 Affected Saudi Sectors
Banking and Financial Services Government and Public Administration Healthcare and Medical Services Energy and Utilities Telecommunications Education Defense and Security Insurance
⚖️ Saudi Risk Score (AI)
9.2
/ 10.0
🔧 Remediation Steps (English)
IMMEDIATE ACTIONS:
1. Identify all Firefox installations across the organization using endpoint detection tools
2. Disable Firefox in high-risk environments until patching is complete
3. Restrict Firefox usage to non-sensitive operations only
4. Alert users not to visit untrusted websites using Firefox

PATCHING GUIDANCE:
1. Deploy Firefox security updates to version 39.0 or later immediately
2. Use automated patch management systems (SCCM, Intune) for enterprise deployment
3. Prioritize patching for systems in banking, government, and healthcare sectors
4. Verify patch installation across all endpoints within 48 hours

COMPENSATING CONTROLS:
1. Implement browser isolation technology for high-risk users
2. Deploy web application firewalls (WAF) to detect exploitation attempts
3. Enforce Content Security Policy (CSP) headers on all internal web applications
4. Implement network segmentation to limit file access from compromised browsers
5. Monitor for suspicious file access patterns and privilege escalation attempts

DETECTION RULES:
1. Monitor for Firefox processes accessing files outside normal directories
2. Alert on Firefox attempting to read sensitive files (credentials, configs)
3. Track Firefox version numbers in endpoint inventory
4. Monitor for exploitation patterns: unusual XMLHttpRequest calls, file:// protocol access
5. Implement YARA rules for known exploit payloads
🔧 خطوات المعالجة (العربية)
الإجراءات الفورية:
1. تحديد جميع تثبيتات Firefox عبر المنظمة باستخدام أدوات كشف نقاط النهاية
2. تعطيل Firefox في البيئات عالية المخاطر حتى اكتمال التصحيح
3. تقييد استخدام Firefox للعمليات غير الحساسة فقط
4. تنبيه المستخدمين بعدم زيارة المواقع غير الموثوقة باستخدام Firefox

إرشادات التصحيح:
1. نشر تحديثات أمان Firefox للإصدار 39.0 أو أحدث فوراً
2. استخدام أنظمة إدارة التصحيح الآلية (SCCM, Intune) للنشر على مستوى المؤسسة
3. إعطاء الأولوية لتصحيح الأنظمة في قطاعات البنوك والحكومة والرعاية الصحية
4. التحقق من تثبيت التصحيح عبر جميع نقاط النهاية خلال 48 ساعة

عناصر التحكم البديلة:
1. تنفيذ تكنولوجيا عزل المتصفح للمستخدمين عالي المخاطر
2. نشر جدران حماية تطبيقات الويب (WAF) لكشف محاولات الاستغلال
3. فرض رؤوس سياسة أمان المحتوى (CSP) على جميع تطبيقات الويب الداخلية
4. تنفيذ تقسيم الشبكة لتحديد الوصول إلى الملفات من المتصفحات المخترقة
5. مراقبة أنماط الوصول إلى الملفات المريبة ومحاولات تصعيد الامتيازات

قواعد الكشف:
1. مراقبة عمليات Firefox التي تصل إلى الملفات خارج الدلائل العادية
2. تنبيهات عند محاولة Firefox قراءة ملفات حساسة (بيانات اعتماد، إعدادات)
3. تتبع أرقام إصدارات Firefox في جرد نقاط النهاية
4. مراقبة أنماط الاستغلال: استدعاءات XMLHttpRequest غير العادية، وصول بروتوكول file://
5. تنفيذ قواعد YARA لحمولات الاستغلال المعروفة
📋 Regulatory Compliance Mapping
🟢 NCA ECC 2024
A.5.1.1 - Information Security Policies and Procedures A.6.2.1 - User Access Management A.12.2.1 - Change Management A.12.6.1 - Management of Technical Vulnerabilities
🔵 SAMA CSF
ID.RA-1 - Asset Management and Vulnerability Management PR.IP-12 - Software, Firmware, and Information Updates DE.CM-8 - Vulnerability Scans
🟡 ISO 27001:2022
A.12.6.1 - Management of technical vulnerabilities A.14.2.1 - Secure development policy A.12.2.1 - Change management procedures
🟣 PCI DSS v4.0
6.2 - Ensure all system components and software are protected from known vulnerabilities 6.1 - Establish a process to identify and assign a risk rating to newly discovered security vulnerabilities
🔗 References & Sources 0
No references.
📦 Affected Products / CPE 1 entries
Mozilla:Firefox
📊 CVSS Score
9.0
/ 10.0 — Critical
📋 Quick Facts
Severity Critical
CVSS Score9.0
EPSS71.57%
Exploit ✓ Yes
Patch ✓ Yes
CISA KEV🇺🇸 Yes
KEV Due Date2022-06-15
Published 2022-05-25
Source Feed cisa_kev
Views 1
🇸🇦 Saudi Risk Score
9.2
/ 10.0 — Saudi Risk
🏷️ Tags
kev actively-exploited
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