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Vulnerabilities

CVE-2016-0151

Critical 🇺🇸 CISA KEV ⚡ Exploit Available
Microsoft Windows CSRSS Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability — The Client-Server Run-time Subsystem (CSRSS) in Microsoft mismanages process tokens, which allows local users to gain privileges via a c
Published: Mar 28, 2022  ·  Source: CISA_KEV
CVSS v3
9.0
🔗 NVD Official
📄 Description (English)

Microsoft Windows CSRSS Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability — The Client-Server Run-time Subsystem (CSRSS) in Microsoft mismanages process tokens, which allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted application.

🤖 AI Executive Summary

CVE-2016-0151 is a critical local privilege escalation vulnerability in Microsoft Windows Client-Server Run-time Subsystem (CSRSS) that allows authenticated local users to gain elevated privileges through a crafted application exploiting process token mismanagement. With a CVSS score of 9.0 and known exploits available, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to any unpatched Windows systems. The vulnerability affects a core Windows subsystem (CSRSS), making it particularly dangerous as it can lead to full system compromise from a low-privileged account. A patch has been available since April 2016 (MS16-048), and organizations should verify its deployment immediately.

📄 Description (Arabic)

🤖 AI Intelligence Analysis Analyzed: Apr 4, 2026 20:17
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia Impact Assessment
هذه الثغرة تؤثر على جميع القطاعات السعودية التي تستخدم أنظمة Windows غير محدثة. القطاعات الأكثر عرضة للخطر تشمل: القطاع الحكومي (الجهات التابعة للهيئة الوطنية للأمن السيبراني NCA) حيث قد تكون هناك أنظمة قديمة لا تزال تعمل، القطاع المصرفي (البنوك الخاضعة لمؤسسة النقد SAMA) خاصة أجهزة الصراف الآلي وأنظمة نقاط البيع، قطاع الطاقة (أرامكو وسابك) في أنظمة التحكم الصناعي التي قد تعمل على إصدارات Windows قديمة، وقطاع الاتصالات (STC وموبايلي وزين). تصعيد الصلاحيات المحلي يمكن أن يُستخدم كخطوة ثانية بعد الوصول الأولي في هجمات متقدمة.
🏢 Affected Saudi Sectors
Government Banking Energy Telecommunications Healthcare Education Defense
⚖️ Saudi Risk Score (AI)
7.5
/ 10.0
🔧 Remediation Steps (English)
Immediate Actions:
1. Deploy Microsoft Security Bulletin MS16-048 (KB3148528) immediately on all affected Windows systems
2. Conduct an inventory scan to identify any unpatched Windows systems across the organization
3. Prioritize patching for internet-facing systems and critical infrastructure servers

Compensating Controls:
1. Implement application whitelisting (e.g., Windows AppLocker or WDAC) to prevent execution of unauthorized applications
2. Enforce least privilege principles — remove local administrator rights from standard user accounts
3. Enable Windows Credential Guard where supported to protect process tokens
4. Monitor for suspicious process creation events, especially those involving CSRSS token manipulation

Detection Rules:
1. Monitor Windows Event Logs for Event ID 4688 (Process Creation) with unusual parent-child process relationships involving csrss.exe
2. Deploy SIEM rules to detect privilege escalation attempts — look for processes spawning with SYSTEM privileges from user-level contexts
3. Use EDR solutions to monitor for token manipulation and impersonation activities
4. Alert on any new or unknown executables running in user-writable directories
🔧 خطوات المعالجة (العربية)
الإجراءات الفورية:
1. نشر تحديث Microsoft الأمني MS16-048 (KB3148528) فوراً على جميع أنظمة Windows المتأثرة
2. إجراء فحص شامل لتحديد أي أنظمة Windows غير محدثة في المنظمة
3. إعطاء الأولوية لتحديث الأنظمة المتصلة بالإنترنت وخوادم البنية التحتية الحرجة

الضوابط التعويضية:
1. تطبيق القوائم البيضاء للتطبيقات (مثل Windows AppLocker أو WDAC) لمنع تنفيذ التطبيقات غير المصرح بها
2. تطبيق مبدأ الحد الأدنى من الصلاحيات — إزالة صلاحيات المسؤول المحلي من حسابات المستخدمين العاديين
3. تفعيل Windows Credential Guard حيثما أمكن لحماية رموز العمليات
4. مراقبة أحداث إنشاء العمليات المشبوهة خاصة تلك المتعلقة بالتلاعب برموز CSRSS

قواعد الكشف:
1. مراقبة سجلات أحداث Windows للحدث 4688 مع علاقات غير عادية بين العمليات الأب والابن المتعلقة بـ csrss.exe
2. نشر قواعد SIEM للكشف عن محاولات تصعيد الصلاحيات
3. استخدام حلول EDR لمراقبة أنشطة التلاعب بالرموز وانتحال الهوية
4. التنبيه على أي ملفات تنفيذية جديدة أو غير معروفة تعمل في مجلدات قابلة للكتابة من قبل المستخدم
📋 Regulatory Compliance Mapping
🟢 NCA ECC 2024
2-3-1 (Patch Management) 2-5-1 (Vulnerability Management) 2-2-1 (Access Control) 2-6-1 (Event Logging and Monitoring)
🔵 SAMA CSF
3.3.3 (Patch Management) 3.3.4 (Vulnerability Management) 3.1.1 (Cybersecurity Risk Management) 3.3.7 (Identity and Access Management)
🟡 ISO 27001:2022
A.8.8 (Management of Technical Vulnerabilities) A.8.2 (Privileged Access Rights) A.8.15 (Logging) A.8.7 (Protection Against Malware)
🟣 PCI DSS v4.0
6.3.3 (Install Critical Security Patches Within One Month) 10.2 (Audit Logs) 7.1 (Restrict Access by Business Need to Know) 11.3 (Penetration Testing)
🔗 References & Sources 0
No references.
📦 Affected Products / CPE 1 entries
Microsoft:Client-Server Run-time Subsystem (CSRSS)
📊 CVSS Score
9.0
/ 10.0 — Critical
📋 Quick Facts
Severity Critical
CVSS Score9.0
EPSS44.07%
Exploit ✓ Yes
Patch ✓ Yes
CISA KEV🇺🇸 Yes
KEV Due Date2022-04-18
Published 2022-03-28
Source Feed cisa_kev
Views 1
🇸🇦 Saudi Risk Score
7.5
/ 10.0 — Saudi Risk
🏷️ Tags
kev actively-exploited ransomware
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