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Vulnerabilities

CVE-2016-4656

Critical 🇺🇸 CISA KEV ⚡ Exploit Available
Apple iOS Memory Corruption Vulnerability — A memory corruption vulnerability in Apple iOS kernel allows attackers to execute code in a privileged context or cause a denial-of-service (DoS) via a craf
Published: May 24, 2022  ·  Source: CISA_KEV
CVSS v3
9.0
🔗 NVD Official
📄 Description (English)

Apple iOS Memory Corruption Vulnerability — A memory corruption vulnerability in Apple iOS kernel allows attackers to execute code in a privileged context or cause a denial-of-service (DoS) via a crafted application.

🤖 AI Executive Summary

CVE-2016-4656 is a critical memory corruption vulnerability in the Apple iOS kernel that was actively exploited as part of the 'Pegasus' spyware attack chain by NSO Group. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary code with kernel-level privileges or cause denial-of-service through a crafted application. It was part of a zero-day exploit chain (Trident) used for targeted surveillance of journalists, activists, and government officials. Given its association with nation-state surveillance tools, this vulnerability poses significant risk to high-value targets in Saudi Arabia.

📄 Description (Arabic)

🤖 AI Intelligence Analysis Analyzed: Apr 5, 2026 21:16
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia Impact Assessment
This vulnerability is particularly critical for Saudi Arabia given the documented use of NSO Group's Pegasus spyware in the Middle East region. Government officials (NCA-regulated entities), senior executives in energy sector (ARAMCO, SABIC), banking leadership (SAMA-regulated institutions), telecom executives (STC, Mobily, Zain), and royal family members using unpatched iOS devices are at highest risk. The vulnerability enables complete device compromise including access to encrypted communications, location tracking, camera/microphone activation, and data exfiltration. Saudi diplomatic and intelligence personnel are prime targets for nation-state surveillance leveraging this exploit chain.
🏢 Affected Saudi Sectors
Government Banking Energy Telecom Defense Diplomatic Healthcare Royal Court
⚖️ Saudi Risk Score (AI)
9.5
/ 10.0
🔧 Remediation Steps (English)
Immediate Actions:
1. Update all Apple iOS devices to iOS 9.3.5 or later immediately — this patch was released by Apple on August 25, 2016
2. Conduct an inventory of all iOS devices in the organization, especially those used by executives and VIPs
3. Enable automatic updates on all managed iOS devices via MDM solutions

Detection and Monitoring:
4. Monitor for indicators of Pegasus infection including unusual battery drain, unexpected data usage, and device overheating
5. Use mobile threat defense (MTD) solutions to scan for known Pegasus indicators of compromise
6. Review MDM logs for unauthorized configuration profile installations

Compensating Controls:
7. Implement Mobile Device Management (MDM) to enforce minimum OS version requirements
8. Enable Apple's Lockdown Mode on devices used by high-risk individuals
9. Restrict installation of apps from unknown sources
10. Implement network-level monitoring for C2 communication patterns associated with Pegasus
11. Educate high-value targets about spear-phishing links delivered via SMS/WhatsApp/iMessage

Long-term:
12. Establish a mobile device security policy requiring devices to be patched within 48 hours of critical updates
13. Consider device replacement for any devices that cannot be updated past the vulnerable version
🔧 خطوات المعالجة (العربية)
الإجراءات الفورية:
1. تحديث جميع أجهزة Apple iOS إلى الإصدار 9.3.5 أو أحدث فوراً — تم إصدار هذا التصحيح من Apple في 25 أغسطس 2016
2. إجراء جرد لجميع أجهزة iOS في المؤسسة، خاصة تلك المستخدمة من قبل المديرين التنفيذيين والشخصيات المهمة
3. تفعيل التحديثات التلقائية على جميع أجهزة iOS المُدارة عبر حلول إدارة الأجهزة المحمولة

الكشف والمراقبة:
4. مراقبة مؤشرات الإصابة ببرنامج بيغاسوس بما في ذلك استنزاف البطارية غير المعتاد واستخدام البيانات غير المتوقع وارتفاع حرارة الجهاز
5. استخدام حلول الدفاع ضد تهديدات الأجهزة المحمولة لفحص مؤشرات الاختراق المعروفة لبيغاسوس
6. مراجعة سجلات إدارة الأجهزة المحمولة للكشف عن تثبيت ملفات تعريف التكوين غير المصرح بها

الضوابط التعويضية:
7. تنفيذ إدارة الأجهزة المحمولة لفرض متطلبات الحد الأدنى لإصدار نظام التشغيل
8. تفعيل وضع القفل من Apple على الأجهزة المستخدمة من قبل الأفراد المعرضين للخطر
9. تقييد تثبيت التطبيقات من مصادر غير معروفة
10. تنفيذ مراقبة على مستوى الشبكة لأنماط اتصال القيادة والتحكم المرتبطة ببيغاسوس
11. توعية الأهداف عالية القيمة حول روابط التصيد الموجه المرسلة عبر الرسائل القصيرة/واتساب/آي مسج

على المدى الطويل:
12. وضع سياسة أمان الأجهزة المحمولة تتطلب تصحيح الأجهزة خلال 48 ساعة من التحديثات الحرجة
13. النظر في استبدال الأجهزة التي لا يمكن تحديثها بعد الإصدار المعرض للخطر
📋 Regulatory Compliance Mapping
🟢 NCA ECC 2024
ECC-2:3-1 (Asset Management) ECC-2:5-1 (Vulnerability Management) ECC-2:4-2 (Mobile Device Security) ECC-2:2-1 (Cybersecurity Risk Management)
🔵 SAMA CSF
3.3.3 (Patch Management) 3.3.7 (Mobile Device Security) 3.1.1 (Cybersecurity Risk Management) 3.3.14 (Threat Intelligence)
🟡 ISO 27001:2022
A.8.1 (User Endpoint Devices) A.8.8 (Management of Technical Vulnerabilities) A.5.7 (Threat Intelligence) A.8.20 (Network Security)
🟣 PCI DSS v4.0
6.3.3 (Patching Security Vulnerabilities) 11.3 (Penetration Testing) 5.2 (Malicious Software Prevention)
🔗 References & Sources 0
No references.
📦 Affected Products / CPE 1 entries
Apple:iOS
📊 CVSS Score
9.0
/ 10.0 — Critical
📋 Quick Facts
Severity Critical
CVSS Score9.0
EPSS67.91%
Exploit ✓ Yes
Patch ✓ Yes
CISA KEV🇺🇸 Yes
KEV Due Date2022-06-14
Published 2022-05-24
Source Feed cisa_kev
Views 4
🇸🇦 Saudi Risk Score
9.5
/ 10.0 — Saudi Risk
🏷️ Tags
kev actively-exploited
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