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Vulnerabilities

CVE-2022-30525

Critical 🇺🇸 CISA KEV ⚡ Exploit Available
Zyxel Multiple Firewalls OS Command Injection Vulnerability — A command injection vulnerability in the CGI program of some Zyxel firewall versions could allow an attacker to modify specific files and
Published: May 16, 2022  ·  Source: CISA_KEV
CVSS v3
9.0
🔗 NVD Official
📄 Description (English)

Zyxel Multiple Firewalls OS Command Injection Vulnerability — A command injection vulnerability in the CGI program of some Zyxel firewall versions could allow an attacker to modify specific files and then execute some OS commands on a vulnerable device.

🤖 AI Executive Summary

CVE-2022-30525 is a critical OS command injection vulnerability in Zyxel firewalls affecting multiple product lines with a CVSS score of 9.0. An unauthenticated attacker can exploit the vulnerable CGI program to execute arbitrary OS commands and modify system files, potentially leading to complete device compromise. With public exploits available, this vulnerability poses an immediate and severe threat to organizations relying on Zyxel firewalls for network perimeter defense.

📄 Description (Arabic)

🤖 AI Intelligence Analysis Analyzed: Apr 21, 2026 21:48
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia Impact Assessment
This vulnerability poses critical risk to Saudi banking sector (SAMA-regulated institutions), government agencies (NCA oversight), telecommunications providers (STC, Mobily), and energy sector (ARAMCO, SEC). Zyxel firewalls are widely deployed as perimeter security devices in Saudi organizations. Successful exploitation could enable lateral movement into critical infrastructure, data exfiltration, ransomware deployment, and disruption of essential services. Government and financial institutions are particularly vulnerable due to their reliance on firewall-based network segmentation.
🏢 Affected Saudi Sectors
Banking and Financial Services Government and Public Administration Telecommunications Energy and Utilities Healthcare Critical Infrastructure Large Enterprises
⚖️ Saudi Risk Score (AI)
9.2
/ 10.0
🔧 Remediation Steps (English)
IMMEDIATE ACTIONS:
1. Identify all Zyxel firewall devices in your environment and document their firmware versions
2. Isolate or restrict network access to vulnerable Zyxel devices if patching cannot be completed immediately
3. Review firewall logs for suspicious CGI requests or command injection patterns (look for special characters: |, ;, &, $, `, etc.)
4. Check for unauthorized file modifications and unexpected process executions on affected devices

PATCHING GUIDANCE:
1. Obtain and apply the latest firmware patches from Zyxel's security advisory for your specific firewall model
2. Test patches in a non-production environment before deployment
3. Schedule maintenance windows for firmware updates to minimize business disruption
4. Verify successful patch installation by confirming firmware version post-update

COMPENSATING CONTROLS (if patching delayed):
1. Implement network-level access controls restricting CGI program access to trusted sources only
2. Deploy Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules to block command injection payloads
3. Monitor and alert on suspicious HTTP requests to CGI endpoints
4. Implement strict input validation and disable unnecessary CGI functions
5. Segment firewall management interfaces from untrusted networks

DETECTION RULES:
1. Monitor for HTTP requests containing: pipe (|), semicolon (;), ampersand (&), backtick (`), dollar sign ($), command substitution patterns
2. Alert on unexpected process spawning from CGI processes
3. Monitor for file modifications in system directories initiated by web processes
4. Track failed and successful authentication attempts to firewall management interfaces
5. Implement IDS/IPS signatures for known CVE-2022-30525 exploitation attempts
🔧 خطوات المعالجة (العربية)
الإجراءات الفورية:
1. حدد جميع أجهزة جدار حماية Zyxel في بيئتك وقم بتوثيق إصدارات البرامج الثابتة الخاصة بها
2. عزل أو تقييد الوصول إلى الشبكة لأجهزة Zyxel الضعيفة إذا لم يكن يمكن إكمال التصحيح فوراً
3. راجع سجلات جدار الحماية للبحث عن طلبات CGI المريبة أو أنماط حقن الأوامر
4. تحقق من التعديلات غير المصرح بها للملفات والعمليات غير المتوقعة على الأجهزة المتأثرة

إرشادات التصحيح:
1. احصل على أحدث تصحيحات البرامج الثابتة من مستشار أمان Zyxel لنموذج جدار الحماية المحدد
2. اختبر التصحيحات في بيئة غير إنتاجية قبل النشر
3. جدول نوافذ الصيانة لتحديثات البرامج الثابتة لتقليل انقطاع الأعمال
4. تحقق من نجاح تثبيت التصحيح بتأكيد إصدار البرنامج الثابت بعد التحديث

الضوابط البديلة:
1. تطبيق ضوابط الوصول على مستوى الشبكة لتقييد الوصول إلى برنامج CGI من المصادر الموثوقة فقط
2. نشر قواعد جدار تطبيقات الويب لحظر حمولات حقن الأوامر
3. مراقبة والتنبيه على طلبات HTTP المريبة لنقاط نهاية CGI
4. تطبيق التحقق الصارم من المدخلات وتعطيل وظائف CGI غير الضرورية
5. فصل واجهات إدارة جدار الحماية عن الشبكات غير الموثوقة

قواعد الكشف:
1. مراقبة طلبات HTTP التي تحتوي على: أنابيب، فاصلة منقوطة، علامة العطف، علامات خاصة
2. التنبيه على عمليات غير متوقعة من عمليات CGI
3. مراقبة تعديلات الملفات في دلائل النظام التي يبدأها العمليات على الويب
4. تتبع محاولات المصادقة الفاشلة والناجحة لواجهات إدارة جدار الحماية
5. تطبيق توقيعات IDS/IPS لمحاولات استغلال CVE-2022-30525 المعروفة
📋 Regulatory Compliance Mapping
🟢 NCA ECC 2024
ECC 2024 A.12.6.1 - Management of technical vulnerabilities ECC 2024 A.14.2.1 - Secure development policy ECC 2024 A.12.2.1 - Monitoring and logging of network activities ECC 2024 A.13.1.3 - Segregation of networks
🔵 SAMA CSF
SAMA CSF ID.RA-1 - Asset management and vulnerability identification SAMA CSF PR.IP-12 - Security patch management SAMA CSF DE.CM-1 - Detection and monitoring of network anomalies SAMA CSF RS.MI-2 - Incident response and containment
🟡 ISO 27001:2022
ISO 27001:2022 A.12.3.1 - Configuration management ISO 27001:2022 A.12.6.1 - Management of technical vulnerabilities ISO 27001:2022 A.14.2.1 - Secure development and change management ISO 27001:2022 A.8.1.1 - Inventory of assets
🟣 PCI DSS v4.0
PCI DSS 6.2 - Security patches and updates PCI DSS 11.2 - Vulnerability scanning and assessment PCI DSS 1.1 - Firewall configuration standards
🔗 References & Sources 0
No references.
📦 Affected Products / CPE 1 entries
Zyxel:Multiple Firewalls
📊 CVSS Score
9.0
/ 10.0 — Critical
📋 Quick Facts
Severity Critical
CVSS Score9.0
EPSS94.45%
Exploit ✓ Yes
Patch ✓ Yes
CISA KEV🇺🇸 Yes
KEV Due Date2022-06-06
Published 2022-05-16
Source Feed cisa_kev
Views 1
🇸🇦 Saudi Risk Score
9.2
/ 10.0 — Saudi Risk
Priority: CRITICAL
🏷️ Tags
kev actively-exploited
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