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Vulnerabilities

CVE-2016-6415

Critical 🇺🇸 CISA KEV ⚡ Exploit Available
Cisco IOS, IOS XR, and IOS XE IKEv1 Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Cisco IOS, IOS XR, and IOS XE contain insufficient condition checks in the part of the code that handles Internet Key Exchang
Published: May 19, 2023  ·  Source: CISA_KEV
CVSS v3
9.0
🔗 NVD Official
📄 Description (English)

Cisco IOS, IOS XR, and IOS XE IKEv1 Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Cisco IOS, IOS XR, and IOS XE contain insufficient condition checks in the part of the code that handles Internet Key Exchange version 1 (IKEv1) security negotiation requests. contains an information disclosure vulnerability in the Internet Key Exchange version 1 (IKEv1) that could allow an attacker to retrieve memory contents. Successful exploitation could allow the attacker to retrieve memory contents, which can lead to information disclosure.

🤖 AI Executive Summary

CVE-2016-6415 is a critical information disclosure vulnerability in Cisco IOS, IOS XR, and IOS XE affecting the IKEv1 security negotiation handling. Known as 'BENIGNCERTAIN,' this vulnerability allows unauthenticated remote attackers to retrieve memory contents from affected devices by sending crafted IKEv1 packets, potentially exposing sensitive data such as VPN credentials, cryptographic keys, and configuration details. Exploits are publicly available and this vulnerability has been actively exploited in the wild, making immediate remediation essential. With a CVSS score of 9.0, this poses an extreme risk to any organization running affected Cisco networking equipment.

📄 Description (Arabic)

🤖 AI Intelligence Analysis Analyzed: Apr 6, 2026 10:33
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia Impact Assessment
This vulnerability poses severe risk to Saudi organizations given the widespread deployment of Cisco networking infrastructure across all critical sectors. Banking institutions regulated by SAMA rely heavily on Cisco VPN infrastructure for secure communications and interbank connectivity — memory disclosure could expose cryptographic keys and credentials. Government entities under NCA oversight, including ministries and defense networks, are at high risk of intelligence gathering through this exploit. Energy sector organizations including Saudi Aramco and SABIC use Cisco equipment extensively for SCADA/ICS network segmentation and VPN connectivity. Telecom providers (STC, Mobily, Zain) running Cisco backbone infrastructure could have routing and subscriber data exposed. The availability of public exploits and the critical nature of IKEv1 in VPN deployments across Saudi Arabia's digital transformation initiatives (Vision 2030) make this an urgent priority.
🏢 Affected Saudi Sectors
Banking Government Energy Telecommunications Healthcare Defense Education Transportation
⚖️ Saudi Risk Score (AI)
9.2
/ 10.0
🔧 Remediation Steps (English)
IMMEDIATE ACTIONS:
1. Identify all Cisco IOS, IOS XR, and IOS XE devices in your environment using IKEv1
2. Apply Cisco security patches immediately — refer to Cisco Security Advisory cisco-sa-20160916-ikev1
3. If patching is not immediately possible, disable IKEv1 and migrate to IKEv2 where supported
4. Monitor for exploitation attempts by inspecting IKEv1 traffic for anomalous security association (SA) negotiation patterns

PATCHING GUIDANCE:
- Upgrade to fixed Cisco IOS/IOS XE/IOS XR versions as specified in the Cisco advisory
- Prioritize internet-facing VPN concentrators and edge routers
- Schedule emergency maintenance windows for critical infrastructure devices

COMPENSATING CONTROLS:
- Implement ACLs to restrict IKEv1 traffic to known, trusted peers only
- Deploy IPS/IDS signatures to detect BENIGNCERTAIN exploitation attempts
- Enable enhanced logging on VPN endpoints to detect memory disclosure attempts
- Segment network to limit exposure of vulnerable devices

DETECTION RULES:
- Monitor for unusual IKEv1 Phase 1 negotiation packets with malformed payloads
- Alert on IKEv1 traffic from unexpected source IPs
- Snort SID rules for CVE-2016-6415 should be deployed on network sensors
- Review Cisco device logs for repeated IKEv1 negotiation failures
🔧 خطوات المعالجة (العربية)
الإجراءات الفورية:
1. تحديد جميع أجهزة Cisco IOS و IOS XR و IOS XE في بيئتكم التي تستخدم IKEv1
2. تطبيق تصحيحات Cisco الأمنية فوراً — الرجوع إلى نشرة Cisco الأمنية cisco-sa-20160916-ikev1
3. في حال عدم إمكانية التصحيح الفوري، تعطيل IKEv1 والانتقال إلى IKEv2 حيثما أمكن
4. مراقبة محاولات الاستغلال من خلال فحص حركة IKEv1 بحثاً عن أنماط تفاوض غير طبيعية

إرشادات التصحيح:
- الترقية إلى إصدارات Cisco IOS/IOS XE/IOS XR المُصححة وفقاً لنشرة Cisco
- إعطاء الأولوية لمركزات VPN والموجهات الحدودية المواجهة للإنترنت
- جدولة نوافذ صيانة طارئة لأجهزة البنية التحتية الحرجة

الضوابط التعويضية:
- تطبيق قوائم التحكم بالوصول لتقييد حركة IKEv1 على الأقران المعروفين والموثوقين فقط
- نشر توقيعات IPS/IDS للكشف عن محاولات استغلال BENIGNCERTAIN
- تفعيل التسجيل المُحسّن على نقاط نهاية VPN للكشف عن محاولات كشف الذاكرة
- تقسيم الشبكة للحد من تعرض الأجهزة المعرضة للخطر

قواعد الكشف:
- مراقبة حزم تفاوض IKEv1 المرحلة الأولى غير الطبيعية ذات الحمولات المشوهة
- التنبيه على حركة IKEv1 من عناوين IP غير متوقعة
- نشر قواعد Snort SID الخاصة بـ CVE-2016-6415 على أجهزة استشعار الشبكة
- مراجعة سجلات أجهزة Cisco بحثاً عن فشل تفاوض IKEv1 المتكرر
📋 Regulatory Compliance Mapping
🟢 NCA ECC 2024
ECC 2-3-1 (Network Security) ECC 2-5-1 (Vulnerability Management) ECC 2-3-4 (Encryption and Key Management) ECC 2-2-1 (Asset Management) ECC 2-6-1 (Incident Management)
🔵 SAMA CSF
3.3.3 (Network Security Management) 3.3.4 (Encryption) 3.3.7 (Vulnerability Management) 3.4.1 (Incident Detection) 3.3.1 (Information System Asset Management)
🟡 ISO 27001:2022
A.8.8 (Management of technical vulnerabilities) A.8.20 (Networks security) A.8.24 (Use of cryptography) A.8.9 (Configuration management) A.5.24 (Information security incident management planning and preparation)
🟣 PCI DSS v4.0
Requirement 1 (Install and maintain network security controls) Requirement 4 (Protect cardholder data with strong cryptography during transmission) Requirement 6.3.3 (Patch critical vulnerabilities within one month) Requirement 11.3 (External and internal vulnerabilities are regularly identified and addressed)
🔗 References & Sources 0
No references.
📦 Affected Products / CPE 1 entries
Cisco:IOS, IOS XR, and IOS XE
📊 CVSS Score
9.0
/ 10.0 — Critical
📋 Quick Facts
Severity Critical
CVSS Score9.0
EPSS93.00%
Exploit ✓ Yes
Patch ✓ Yes
CISA KEV🇺🇸 Yes
KEV Due Date2023-06-09
Published 2023-05-19
Source Feed cisa_kev
Views 1
🇸🇦 Saudi Risk Score
9.2
/ 10.0 — Saudi Risk
🏷️ Tags
kev actively-exploited
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