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Global data_breach Multiple sectors HIGH 56m Global vulnerability Government and Critical Infrastructure CRITICAL 1h Global vulnerability Multiple sectors CRITICAL 1h Global apt Financial Services, Government HIGH 1h Global insider Cross-sector CRITICAL 2h Global vulnerability Multiple sectors CRITICAL 2h Global vulnerability Information Technology / Software Infrastructure CRITICAL 2h Global data_breach Healthcare CRITICAL 2h Global malware Financial Services HIGH 2h Global vulnerability Technology/Software Development HIGH 3h Global data_breach Multiple sectors HIGH 56m Global vulnerability Government and Critical Infrastructure CRITICAL 1h Global vulnerability Multiple sectors CRITICAL 1h Global apt Financial Services, Government HIGH 1h Global insider Cross-sector CRITICAL 2h Global vulnerability Multiple sectors CRITICAL 2h Global vulnerability Information Technology / Software Infrastructure CRITICAL 2h Global data_breach Healthcare CRITICAL 2h Global malware Financial Services HIGH 2h Global vulnerability Technology/Software Development HIGH 3h Global data_breach Multiple sectors HIGH 56m Global vulnerability Government and Critical Infrastructure CRITICAL 1h Global vulnerability Multiple sectors CRITICAL 1h Global apt Financial Services, Government HIGH 1h Global insider Cross-sector CRITICAL 2h Global vulnerability Multiple sectors CRITICAL 2h Global vulnerability Information Technology / Software Infrastructure CRITICAL 2h Global data_breach Healthcare CRITICAL 2h Global malware Financial Services HIGH 2h Global vulnerability Technology/Software Development HIGH 3h
Vulnerabilities

CVE-2020-3118

Critical 🇺🇸 CISA KEV ⚡ Exploit Available
Cisco IOS XR Software Discovery Protocol Format String Vulnerability — Cisco IOS XR improperly validates string input from certain fields in Cisco Discovery Protocol messages. Exploitation could allow
Published: Nov 3, 2021  ·  Source: CISA_KEV
CVSS v3
9.0
🔗 NVD Official
📄 Description (English)

Cisco IOS XR Software Discovery Protocol Format String Vulnerability — Cisco IOS XR improperly validates string input from certain fields in Cisco Discovery Protocol messages. Exploitation could allow an unauthenticated, adjacent attacker to execute code with administrative privileges or cause a reload on an affected device.

🤖 AI Executive Summary

A critical format string vulnerability in Cisco IOS XR Discovery Protocol allows unauthenticated adjacent attackers to execute arbitrary code with administrative privileges or crash affected devices. With a CVSS score of 9.0 and publicly available exploits, this poses an immediate threat to network infrastructure. Immediate patching is essential for all organizations running vulnerable IOS XR versions.

📄 Description (Arabic)

🤖 AI Intelligence Analysis Analyzed: Apr 19, 2026 09:38
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia Impact Assessment
Critical impact on Saudi telecommunications infrastructure (STC, Mobily, Zain), government networks (NCA, CITC), and banking sector (SAMA-regulated institutions). Cisco IOS XR is widely deployed in core network infrastructure, ISP backbone networks, and critical government communications. Exploitation could lead to complete network compromise, data exfiltration, and service disruption affecting millions of users. Energy sector (ARAMCO) and healthcare networks using Cisco infrastructure are also at significant risk.
🏢 Affected Saudi Sectors
Telecommunications (STC, Mobily, Zain) Government (NCA, CITC) Banking (SAMA-regulated institutions) Energy (ARAMCO) Healthcare Critical Infrastructure
⚖️ Saudi Risk Score (AI)
9.2
/ 10.0
🔧 Remediation Steps (English)
IMMEDIATE ACTIONS:
1. Identify all Cisco IOS XR devices in your network using inventory management tools
2. Isolate or restrict network access to vulnerable devices if patching cannot be completed immediately
3. Disable Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) on edge devices if operationally feasible
4. Monitor for suspicious CDP traffic patterns

PATCHING GUIDANCE:
1. Apply Cisco security patches immediately for IOS XR versions 6.5.x, 6.6.x, and earlier
2. Upgrade to patched versions: 6.5.3, 6.6.2, or later
3. Test patches in non-production environment first
4. Coordinate patching with network maintenance windows to minimize disruption

COMPENSATING CONTROLS (if immediate patching not possible):
1. Implement network segmentation to restrict CDP traffic to trusted network segments
2. Deploy access control lists (ACLs) to limit CDP packet sources
3. Use SNMP community strings with strong authentication
4. Monitor CDP traffic with IDS/IPS signatures

DETECTION RULES:
1. Monitor for malformed CDP packets with unusual string formatting
2. Alert on unexpected process execution on IOS XR devices
3. Track device reload events and correlate with CDP traffic
4. Monitor syslog for format string error messages
5. Implement NetFlow monitoring for anomalous traffic patterns to/from IOS XR devices
🔧 خطوات المعالجة (العربية)
الإجراءات الفورية:
1. تحديد جميع أجهزة Cisco IOS XR في شبكتك باستخدام أدوات إدارة المخزون
2. عزل أو تقييد الوصول إلى الأجهزة المعرضة للخطر إذا لم يكن التصحيح ممكناً فوراً
3. تعطيل بروتوكول اكتشاف Cisco (CDP) على أجهزة الحافة إن أمكن تشغيلياً
4. مراقبة أنماط حركة CDP المريبة

إرشادات التصحيح:
1. تطبيق تصحيحات أمان Cisco فوراً لإصدارات IOS XR 6.5.x و 6.6.x والإصدارات الأقدم
2. الترقية إلى الإصدارات المصححة: 6.5.3 أو 6.6.2 أو أحدث
3. اختبار التصحيحات في بيئة غير الإنتاج أولاً
4. تنسيق التصحيح مع نوافذ صيانة الشبكة لتقليل الانقطاع

الضوابط البديلة (إذا لم يكن التصحيح الفوري ممكناً):
1. تنفيذ تقسيم الشبكة لتقييد حركة CDP إلى قطاعات الشبكة الموثوقة
2. نشر قوائم التحكم في الوصول (ACLs) لتحديد مصادر حزم CDP
3. استخدام سلاسل مجتمع SNMP مع مصادقة قوية
4. مراقبة حركة CDP باستخدام توقيعات IDS/IPS

قواعد الكشف:
1. مراقبة حزم CDP المشوهة بتنسيق سلسلة غير عادي
2. تنبيهات على تنفيذ العمليات غير المتوقعة على أجهزة IOS XR
3. تتبع أحداث إعادة تشغيل الجهاز والربط مع حركة CDP
4. مراقبة syslog لرسائل خطأ سلسلة التنسيق
5. تنفيذ مراقبة NetFlow للأنماط المرورية الشاذة إلى/من أجهزة IOS XR
📋 Regulatory Compliance Mapping
🟢 NCA ECC 2024
A.12.6.1 - Management of technical vulnerabilities A.14.2.1 - Secure development policy A.12.2.1 - Configuration management A.12.3.1 - Change management procedures
🔵 SAMA CSF
ID.RA-1 - Asset management and vulnerability identification PR.IP-12 - Security patch management DE.CM-8 - Vulnerability scans RS.RP-1 - Response planning
🟡 ISO 27001:2022
A.12.6.1 - Management of technical vulnerabilities A.14.2.1 - Secure development policy A.12.2.1 - Configuration management A.12.3.1 - Change management
🟣 PCI DSS v4.0
6.2 - Security patches and updates 11.2 - Vulnerability scanning
🔗 References & Sources 0
No references.
📦 Affected Products / CPE 1 entries
Cisco:IOS XR
📊 CVSS Score
9.0
/ 10.0 — Critical
📋 Quick Facts
Severity Critical
CVSS Score9.0
EPSS0.29%
Exploit ✓ Yes
Patch ✓ Yes
CISA KEV🇺🇸 Yes
KEV Due Date2022-05-03
Published 2021-11-03
Source Feed cisa_kev
Views 1
🇸🇦 Saudi Risk Score
9.2
/ 10.0 — Saudi Risk
Priority: CRITICAL
🏷️ Tags
kev actively-exploited
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