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Vulnerabilities

CVE-2023-28461

Critical 🇺🇸 CISA KEV ⚡ Exploit Available
Array Networks AG and vxAG ArrayOS Missing Authentication for Critical Function Vulnerability — Array Networks AG and vxAG ArrayOS contain a missing authentication for critical function vulnerability
Published: Nov 25, 2024  ·  Source: CISA_KEV
CVSS v3
9.0
🔗 NVD Official
📄 Description (English)

Array Networks AG and vxAG ArrayOS Missing Authentication for Critical Function Vulnerability — Array Networks AG and vxAG ArrayOS contain a missing authentication for critical function vulnerability that allows an attacker to read local files and execute code on the SSL VPN gateway.

🤖 AI Executive Summary

CVE-2023-28461 is a critical authentication bypass vulnerability in Array Networks AG/vxAG ArrayOS SSL VPN gateways (CVSS 9.0) that allows unauthenticated attackers to read local files and execute arbitrary code. With public exploits available, this poses an immediate threat to organizations using these VPN solutions for remote access. Patching is urgent as VPN gateways are high-value targets for threat actors seeking network infiltration.

📄 Description (Arabic)

🤖 AI Intelligence Analysis Analyzed: Apr 19, 2026 10:42
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia Impact Assessment
This vulnerability poses critical risk to Saudi banking sector (SAMA-regulated institutions), government agencies (NCA, NCSC), and energy sector (Saudi Aramco, SABIC) that rely on Array Networks VPN gateways for secure remote access. Telecommunications operators (STC, Mobily, Zain) managing critical infrastructure are also at high risk. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive financial data, government systems, and industrial control networks. The availability of public exploits significantly increases attack probability against Saudi organizations.
🏢 Affected Saudi Sectors
Banking and Financial Services Government and Public Administration Energy and Utilities Telecommunications Healthcare Manufacturing and Industrial Education
⚖️ Saudi Risk Score (AI)
9.2
/ 10.0
🔧 Remediation Steps (English)
IMMEDIATE ACTIONS:
1. Identify all Array Networks AG/vxAG ArrayOS VPN gateways in your environment and document their versions
2. Isolate affected VPN gateways from production networks if patching cannot be completed within 24 hours
3. Enable enhanced monitoring and logging on VPN gateways for suspicious authentication attempts and file access patterns
4. Review VPN access logs for indicators of compromise (IOCs) from the past 30 days

PATCHING GUIDANCE:
1. Apply the latest security patches from Array Networks immediately
2. Test patches in non-production environment first
3. Schedule maintenance windows for patching during low-traffic periods
4. Verify patch application by checking system version post-update

COMPENSATING CONTROLS (if immediate patching not possible):
1. Implement network segmentation to restrict VPN gateway access to authorized networks only
2. Deploy Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules to block exploitation attempts
3. Implement IP whitelisting for VPN gateway access
4. Disable unnecessary services and functions on VPN gateways
5. Enforce multi-factor authentication (MFA) for all VPN users

DETECTION RULES:
1. Monitor for HTTP requests to ArrayOS without proper authentication headers
2. Alert on file read operations from unauthenticated sessions
3. Detect command execution attempts without valid authentication tokens
4. Monitor for unusual process spawning on VPN gateway systems
5. Track failed authentication attempts followed by successful code execution
🔧 خطوات المعالجة (العربية)
الإجراءات الفورية:
1. حدد جميع بوابات VPN من Array Networks AG/vxAG ArrayOS في بيئتك وقم بتوثيق إصداراتها
2. عزل بوابات VPN المتأثرة عن شبكات الإنتاج إذا لم يتمكن من إكمال التصحيح خلال 24 ساعة
3. تفعيل المراقبة والتسجيل المحسّن على بوابات VPN للكشف عن محاولات المصادقة المريبة وأنماط الوصول إلى الملفات
4. مراجعة سجلات وصول VPN للبحث عن مؤشرات الاختراق من آخر 30 يوماً

إرشادات التصحيح:
1. تطبيق أحدث تصحيحات الأمان من Array Networks فوراً
2. اختبار التصحيحات في بيئة غير الإنتاج أولاً
3. جدولة نوافذ الصيانة للتصحيح خلال فترات حركة المرور المنخفضة
4. التحقق من تطبيق التصحيح بفحص إصدار النظام بعد التحديث

الضوابط البديلة (إذا لم يكن التصحيح الفوري ممكناً):
1. تطبيق تقسيم الشبكة لتقييد وصول بوابة VPN إلى الشبكات المصرح بها فقط
2. نشر قواعد جدار حماية تطبيقات الويب (WAF) لحجب محاولات الاستغلال
3. تطبيق قائمة بيضاء للعناوين IP لوصول بوابة VPN
4. تعطيل الخدمات والوظائف غير الضرورية على بوابات VPN
5. فرض المصادقة متعددة العوامل (MFA) لجميع مستخدمي VPN

قواعد الكشف:
1. مراقبة طلبات HTTP إلى ArrayOS بدون رؤوس مصادقة مناسبة
2. تنبيهات على عمليات قراءة الملفات من جلسات غير مصرح بها
3. الكشف عن محاولات تنفيذ الأوامر بدون رموز مصادقة صحيحة
4. مراقبة توليد العمليات غير العادية على أنظمة بوابة VPN
5. تتبع محاولات المصادقة الفاشلة متبوعة بتنفيذ أكواد ناجح
📋 Regulatory Compliance Mapping
🟢 NCA ECC 2024
ECC 2024 A.6.1.1 - Information Security Policies and Procedures ECC 2024 A.6.2.1 - Access Control and Authentication ECC 2024 A.6.2.2 - User Access Management ECC 2024 A.7.1.1 - Cryptography and Secure Communications ECC 2024 A.8.1.1 - Vulnerability Management ECC 2024 A.8.2.1 - Incident Response and Management
🔵 SAMA CSF
SAMA CSF ID.AM-2 - Hardware and Software Assets SAMA CSF PR.AC-1 - Access Control and Authentication SAMA CSF PR.AC-2 - Physical and Logical Access Controls SAMA CSF DE.CM-1 - Detection and Analysis SAMA CSF RS.RP-1 - Response Planning
🟡 ISO 27001:2022
ISO 27001:2022 A.5.15 - Access Control ISO 27001:2022 A.5.16 - Authentication ISO 27001:2022 A.5.18 - Cryptography ISO 27001:2022 A.8.1 - User Endpoint Devices ISO 27001:2022 A.8.6 - Management of Technical Vulnerabilities
🟣 PCI DSS v4.0
PCI DSS 2.1 - Default Passwords and Security Parameters PCI DSS 6.2 - Security Patches and Updates PCI DSS 7.1 - Access Control Implementation PCI DSS 8.1 - User Identification and Authentication
🔗 References & Sources 0
No references.
📦 Affected Products / CPE 1 entries
Array Networks :AG/vxAG ArrayOS
📊 CVSS Score
9.0
/ 10.0 — Critical
📋 Quick Facts
Severity Critical
CVSS Score9.0
EPSS87.18%
Exploit ✓ Yes
Patch ✓ Yes
CISA KEV🇺🇸 Yes
KEV Due Date2024-12-16
Published 2024-11-25
Source Feed cisa_kev
Views 1
🇸🇦 Saudi Risk Score
9.2
/ 10.0 — Saudi Risk
Priority: CRITICAL
🏷️ Tags
kev actively-exploited ransomware
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