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Vulnerabilities

CVE-2025-10990

High
A flaw was found in REXML. A remote attacker could exploit inefficient regular expression (regex) parsing when processing hex numeric character references (&#x...;) in XML documents. This could lead t
CWE-1333 — Weakness Type
Published: Feb 27, 2026  ·  Modified: Feb 28, 2026  ·  Source: NVD
CVSS v3
7.5
🔗 NVD Official
📄 Description (English)

A flaw was found in REXML. A remote attacker could exploit inefficient regular expression (regex) parsing when processing hex numeric character references (&#x...;) in XML documents. This could lead to a Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS), impacting the availability of the affected component. This issue is the result of an incomplete fix for CVE-2024-49761.

🤖 AI Executive Summary

CVE-2025-10990 is a Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) vulnerability in REXML affecting hex numeric character reference parsing. An incomplete fix for CVE-2024-49761 leaves the component vulnerable to availability attacks through maliciously crafted XML documents. With a CVSS score of 7.5 and no exploit currently available, this represents a high-priority vulnerability requiring immediate patching across affected systems.

📄 Description (Arabic)

🤖 AI Intelligence Analysis Analyzed: May 2, 2026 00:55
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia Impact Assessment
This vulnerability primarily impacts Saudi organizations using Ruby-based applications and services that process XML documents, particularly in: Banking sector (SAMA-regulated institutions using Ruby frameworks for transaction processing), Government agencies (NCA, CITC) utilizing XML-based data exchange systems, Healthcare providers processing HL7/XML medical records, Telecommunications operators (STC, Mobily) handling XML configuration and billing systems, and Energy sector (ARAMCO) using XML in SCADA/industrial control systems. The ReDoS attack could cause service unavailability, impacting critical business operations and regulatory compliance.
🏢 Affected Saudi Sectors
Banking and Financial Services Government and Public Administration Healthcare and Medical Services Telecommunications Energy and Utilities E-commerce and Retail Manufacturing and Industrial Control Systems
⚖️ Saudi Risk Score (AI)
7.8
/ 10.0
🔧 Remediation Steps (English)
Immediate Actions:
1. Identify all systems running REXML library (typically in Ruby/Rails applications) using dependency scanning tools
2. Assess XML processing workflows and document sources accepting external XML input
3. Implement input validation to reject suspicious XML patterns with excessive character references

Patching Guidance:
1. Update REXML to the latest patched version immediately (verify patch completeness for CVE-2024-49761)
2. For Ruby on Rails applications: update Gemfile and run 'bundle update rexml'
3. For standalone REXML: update via 'gem update rexml'
4. Test thoroughly in staging environment before production deployment

Compensating Controls (if immediate patching not possible):
1. Implement XML parsing timeouts (set aggressive timeout thresholds)
2. Deploy Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block XML with excessive character references (&#x patterns)
3. Rate-limit XML processing requests from untrusted sources
4. Implement resource quotas on regex processing operations

Detection Rules:
1. Monitor for XML documents containing multiple consecutive hex character references (&#x[0-9a-fA-F]+;)
2. Alert on CPU spikes during XML parsing operations
3. Log and analyze failed XML parsing attempts with timeout errors
4. Monitor application response times for XML endpoints
🔧 خطوات المعالجة (العربية)
الإجراءات الفورية:
1. تحديد جميع الأنظمة التي تستخدم مكتبة REXML باستخدام أدوات فحص التبعيات
2. تقييم سير عمل معالجة XML والمصادر التي تقبل مدخلات XML خارجية
3. تطبيق التحقق من المدخلات لرفض أنماط XML المريبة التي تحتوي على مراجع أحرف مفرطة

إرشادات التصحيح:
1. تحديث مكتبة REXML إلى أحدث إصدار معدل فوراً (التحقق من اكتمال الإصلاح للثغرة CVE-2024-49761)
2. لتطبيقات Ruby on Rails: تحديث Gemfile وتشغيل 'bundle update rexml'
3. لـ REXML المستقل: التحديث عبر 'gem update rexml'
4. الاختبار الشامل في بيئة التطوير قبل النشر في الإنتاج

الضوابط البديلة (إذا لم يكن التصحيح الفوري ممكناً):
1. تطبيق مهلات زمنية لمعالجة XML (تعيين حدود زمنية صارمة)
2. نشر قواعد جدار حماية تطبيقات الويب (WAF) للكشف عن XML الذي يحتوي على مراجع أحرف مفرطة وحجبه
3. تحديد معدل طلبات معالجة XML من مصادر غير موثوقة
4. تطبيق حصص الموارد على عمليات معالجة التعبيرات النمطية

قواعد الكشف:
1. مراقبة مستندات XML التي تحتوي على مراجع أحرف سادسة عشرية متتالية متعددة
2. التنبيه على ارتفاع استخدام المعالج أثناء عمليات معالجة XML
3. تسجيل وتحليل محاولات معالجة XML الفاشلة مع أخطاء المهلة الزمنية
4. مراقبة أوقات استجابة التطبيق لنقاط نهاية XML
📋 Regulatory Compliance Mapping
🟢 NCA ECC 2024
ECC 2024 A.5.1 - Information Security Policies (incident response for availability) ECC 2024 A.8.1 - Asset Management (software inventory and patching) ECC 2024 A.12.2 - Change Management (patch deployment procedures) ECC 2024 A.12.6 - Management of Technical Vulnerabilities (vulnerability assessment and remediation)
🔵 SAMA CSF
SAMA CSF ID.BE-1 - Business Environment (service availability) SAMA CSF PR.IP-12 - Information and Communication (software updates and patches) SAMA CSF DE.CM-1 - Detection and Analysis (monitoring for anomalies) SAMA CSF RS.MI-1 - Response and Recovery (incident mitigation)
🟡 ISO 27001:2022
ISO 27001:2022 A.5.1 - Policies for information security ISO 27001:2022 A.8.1 - Asset management ISO 27001:2022 A.8.2 - Information classification ISO 27001:2022 A.12.2 - Change management ISO 27001:2022 A.12.6 - Management of technical vulnerabilities ISO 27001:2022 A.14.2 - Information security requirements in supplier relationships
🟣 PCI DSS v4.0.1
PCI DSS 6.2 - Ensure all system components and software are protected from known vulnerabilities PCI DSS 6.3 - Develop and maintain secure development practices PCI DSS 11.2 - Perform quarterly vulnerability scans
📊 CVSS Score
7.5
/ 10.0 — High
📊 CVSS Vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Attack VectorN — None / Network
Attack ComplexityL — Low / Local
Privileges RequiredN — None / Network
User InteractionN — None / Network
ScopeU — Unchanged
ConfidentialityN — None / Network
IntegrityN — None / Network
AvailabilityH — High
📋 Quick Facts
Severity High
CVSS Score7.5
CWECWE-1333
EPSS0.15%
Exploit No
Patch ✓ Yes
Published 2026-02-27
Source Feed nvd
Views 5
🇸🇦 Saudi Risk Score
7.8
/ 10.0 — Saudi Risk
Priority: HIGH
🏷️ Tags
CWE-1333
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