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Vulnerabilities

CVE-2025-11730

High
A post‑authentication command injection vulnerability in the Dynamic DNS (DDNS) configuration CLI command in Zyxel ATP series firmware versions from V5.35 through V5.41, USG FLEX series firmware versi
CWE-78 — Weakness Type
Published: Feb 5, 2026  ·  Modified: Feb 28, 2026  ·  Source: NVD
CVSS v3
7.2
🔗 NVD Official
📄 Description (English)

A post‑authentication command injection vulnerability in the Dynamic DNS (DDNS) configuration CLI command in Zyxel ATP series firmware versions from V5.35 through V5.41, USG FLEX series firmware versions from V5.35 through V5.41, USG FLEX 50(W) series firmware versions from V5.35 through V5.41, and USG20(W)-VPN series firmware versions from V5.35 through V5.41 could allow an authenticated attacker with administrator privileges to execute operating system (OS) commands on an affected device by supplying a specially crafted string as an argument to the CLI command.

🤖 AI Executive Summary

A post-authentication command injection vulnerability exists in Zyxel ATP, USG FLEX, and USG20(W)-VPN series firewalls (firmware v5.35-v5.41) affecting DDNS configuration CLI commands. An authenticated administrator can execute arbitrary OS commands through specially crafted CLI arguments. With a CVSS score of 7.2 and patches available, this poses a significant risk to organizations using these devices as critical network perimeter security appliances.

📄 Description (Arabic)

🤖 AI Intelligence Analysis Analyzed: May 8, 2026 05:01
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia Impact Assessment
Critical impact for Saudi banking sector (SAMA-regulated institutions), government agencies (NCA oversight), and energy sector (ARAMCO, utilities). Zyxel firewalls are widely deployed in Saudi organizations as perimeter security devices. Compromised firewalls could enable lateral movement into internal networks, data exfiltration, and disruption of critical services. Telecom operators (STC, Mobily) and healthcare institutions using these devices face elevated risk of network compromise and regulatory non-compliance.
🏢 Affected Saudi Sectors
Banking and Financial Services Government and Public Administration Energy and Utilities Telecommunications Healthcare Critical Infrastructure
⚖️ Saudi Risk Score (AI)
7.8
/ 10.0
🔧 Remediation Steps (English)
IMMEDIATE ACTIONS:
1. Identify all Zyxel ATP, USG FLEX, and USG20(W)-VPN devices running firmware v5.35-v5.41 in your environment
2. Restrict administrative CLI access to trusted personnel only; implement principle of least privilege
3. Monitor firewall logs for suspicious DDNS configuration CLI commands and OS command patterns
4. Disable DDNS functionality if not actively required

PATCHING:
1. Apply firmware updates to v5.42 or later immediately for all affected devices
2. Test patches in non-production environment first
3. Schedule patching during maintenance windows with change management approval
4. Verify patch installation and firewall functionality post-update

COMPENSATING CONTROLS (if patching delayed):
1. Implement network segmentation to restrict administrative access to firewall management interfaces
2. Use VPN or bastion hosts for remote administrative access
3. Enable multi-factor authentication for administrative accounts
4. Implement command auditing and logging for all CLI activities
5. Deploy intrusion detection rules to detect command injection patterns in DDNS configuration attempts

DETECTION:
1. Monitor for CLI commands containing shell metacharacters (;, |, &, $, `, >, <) in DDNS configuration parameters
2. Alert on any DDNS CLI commands executed outside normal maintenance windows
3. Review firewall audit logs for failed authentication attempts followed by successful admin access
4. Implement SIEM rules to correlate suspicious CLI activity with subsequent system command execution
🔧 خطوات المعالجة (العربية)
الإجراءات الفورية:
1. تحديد جميع أجهزة Zyxel ATP و USG FLEX و USG20(W)-VPN التي تعمل بالإصدارات v5.35-v5.41 في بيئتك
2. تقييد الوصول الإداري إلى CLI للموظفين الموثوقين فقط؛ تطبيق مبدأ الامتيازات الأقل
3. مراقبة سجلات جدار الحماية للأوامر المريبة لتكوين DDNS وأنماط أوامر نظام التشغيل
4. تعطيل وظيفة DDNS إذا لم تكن مطلوبة بنشاط

التصحيح:
1. تطبيق تحديثات البرنامج الثابت إلى v5.42 أو أحدث فوراً لجميع الأجهزة المتأثرة
2. اختبار التصحيحات في بيئة غير الإنتاج أولاً
3. جدولة التصحيح خلال نوافذ الصيانة مع موافقة إدارة التغيير
4. التحقق من تثبيت التصحيح وعمل جدار الحماية بعد التحديث

الضوابط البديلة (إذا تأخر التصحيح):
1. تطبيق تقسيم الشبكة لتقييد الوصول الإداري إلى واجهات إدارة جدار الحماية
2. استخدام VPN أو أجهزة bastion للوصول الإداري عن بعد
3. تفعيل المصادقة متعددة العوامل للحسابات الإدارية
4. تطبيق تدقيق الأوامر وتسجيل جميع أنشطة CLI
5. نشر قواعد كشف الاختراق للكشف عن أنماط حقن الأوامر في محاولات تكوين DDNS

الكشف:
1. مراقبة أوامر CLI التي تحتوي على أحرف shell metacharacters (;, |, &, $, `, >, <) في معاملات تكوين DDNS
2. التنبيه على أي أوامر DDNS CLI يتم تنفيذها خارج نوافذ الصيانة العادية
3. مراجعة سجلات تدقيق جدار الحماية لمحاولات المصادقة الفاشلة متبوعة بالوصول الإداري الناجح
4. تطبيق قواعل SIEM للربط بين نشاط CLI المريب وتنفيذ أوامر النظام اللاحقة
📋 Regulatory Compliance Mapping
🟢 NCA ECC 2024
ECC 2024 A.5.1.1 - Access Control Policies ECC 2024 A.8.1.1 - User Endpoint Devices ECC 2024 A.8.2.1 - Privileged Access Rights ECC 2024 A.8.2.3 - Access Restriction and Authentication ECC 2024 A.12.4.1 - Event Logging ECC 2024 A.12.4.3 - Administrator and Operator Logs
🔵 SAMA CSF
SAMA CSF ID.AM-2 - Hardware and Software Assets SAMA CSF PR.AC-1 - Access Control Policy SAMA CSF PR.AC-4 - Access Rights Management SAMA CSF DE.CM-1 - Network Monitoring SAMA CSF DE.AE-1 - Audit Logs
🟡 ISO 27001:2022
ISO 27001:2022 A.5.15 - Access Control ISO 27001:2022 A.5.16 - Identification and Authentication ISO 27001:2022 A.8.15 - Logging ISO 27001:2022 A.8.16 - Monitoring Activities ISO 27001:2022 A.8.22 - Information Security Event Management
🟣 PCI DSS v4.0.1
PCI DSS 2.1 - Firewall Configuration Standards PCI DSS 6.2 - Security Patches and Updates PCI DSS 7.1 - Limit Access to System Components PCI DSS 8.1 - User Identification and Authentication PCI DSS 10.2 - Implement Automated Audit Trails
📊 CVSS Score
7.2
/ 10.0 — High
📊 CVSS Vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Attack VectorN — None / Network
Attack ComplexityL — Low / Local
Privileges RequiredH — High
User InteractionN — None / Network
ScopeU — Unchanged
ConfidentialityH — High
IntegrityH — High
AvailabilityH — High
📋 Quick Facts
Severity High
CVSS Score7.2
CWECWE-78
EPSS0.25%
Exploit No
Patch ✓ Yes
Published 2026-02-05
Source Feed nvd
Views 5
🇸🇦 Saudi Risk Score
7.8
/ 10.0 — Saudi Risk
Priority: CRITICAL
🏷️ Tags
CWE-78
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