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Vulnerabilities

CVE-2025-64120

High
Critical OS Command Injection in Nuvation Energy Multi-Stack Controller (MSC)
CWE-78 — Weakness Type
Published: Jan 2, 2026  ·  Modified: Feb 28, 2026  ·  Source: NVD
CVSS v3
8.8
🔗 NVD Official
📄 Description (English)

Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability in Nuvation Energy Multi-Stack Controller (MSC) allows OS Command Injection.This issue affects Multi-Stack Controller (MSC): from 2.3.8 before 2.5.1.

🤖 AI Executive Summary

CVE-2025-64120 is a critical OS command injection vulnerability (CVSS 8.8) in Nuvation Energy's Multi-Stack Controller affecting versions 2.3.8 through 2.5.0. This vulnerability allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary OS commands with controller privileges, potentially compromising energy infrastructure management systems. Immediate patching to version 2.5.1 or later is essential for organizations managing renewable energy systems or grid infrastructure.

📄 Description (Arabic)

🤖 AI Intelligence Analysis Analyzed: Apr 22, 2026 06:09
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia Impact Assessment
This vulnerability poses significant risk to Saudi Arabia's energy sector, particularly ARAMCO and affiliated renewable energy projects utilizing Nuvation Energy controllers for solar and wind farm management. Government entities managing critical infrastructure through SCADA/ICS systems are at elevated risk. Telecom operators (STC, Mobily) using these controllers for backup power systems and data center operations face potential service disruption. Banking sector exposure is moderate through energy trading platforms and critical facility management systems. The vulnerability enables complete system compromise with potential for cascading failures in interconnected energy grids.
🏢 Affected Saudi Sectors
Energy/Utilities (ARAMCO, renewable energy projects) Government/Critical Infrastructure (NCA oversight) Telecommunications (STC, Mobily - backup power systems) Banking/Financial Services (energy trading, facility management) Healthcare (facility power management systems)
⚖️ Saudi Risk Score (AI)
8.9
/ 10.0
🔧 Remediation Steps (English)
IMMEDIATE ACTIONS:
1. Identify all Nuvation Energy Multi-Stack Controller instances in your environment (versions 2.3.8-2.5.0)
2. Isolate affected controllers from untrusted networks immediately
3. Implement network segmentation restricting access to MSC management interfaces
4. Enable comprehensive logging and monitoring of all MSC command execution

PATCHING:
1. Upgrade to Nuvation Energy Multi-Stack Controller version 2.5.1 or later
2. Test patches in isolated lab environment before production deployment
3. Schedule maintenance windows for critical infrastructure updates
4. Verify patch installation and validate system functionality post-update

COMPENSATING CONTROLS (if immediate patching not possible):
1. Implement strict input validation and sanitization at application layer
2. Deploy Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules blocking command injection patterns
3. Restrict MSC API access to whitelisted IP addresses only
4. Implement multi-factor authentication for all MSC administrative access
5. Run MSC processes with minimal required privileges (principle of least privilege)

DETECTION:
1. Monitor for suspicious command execution patterns in MSC logs
2. Alert on unexpected process spawning from MSC service accounts
3. Track unusual network connections from MSC to external systems
4. Implement YARA rules: detect shell metacharacters (|, &, ;, `, $()) in MSC API requests
5. Monitor for file modifications in MSC installation directories
🔧 خطوات المعالجة (العربية)
الإجراءات الفورية:
1. تحديد جميع مثيلات وحدة التحكم متعددة المكدسات من نوفيشن إنرجي في بيئتك (الإصدارات 2.3.8-2.5.0)
2. عزل المتحكمات المتأثرة عن الشبكات غير الموثوقة فوراً
3. تطبيق تقسيم الشبكة يقيد الوصول إلى واجهات إدارة MSC
4. تفعيل السجلات الشاملة ومراقبة جميع عمليات تنفيذ أوامر MSC

التصحيح:
1. الترقية إلى وحدة التحكم متعددة المكدسات من نوفيشن إنرجي الإصدار 2.5.1 أو أحدث
2. اختبار التصحيحات في بيئة معملية معزولة قبل نشرها في الإنتاج
3. جدولة نوافذ الصيانة لتحديثات البنية التحتية الحرجة
4. التحقق من تثبيت التصحيح والتحقق من صحة وظائف النظام بعد التحديث

الضوابط البديلة (إذا لم يكن التصحيح الفوري ممكناً):
1. تطبيق التحقق الصارم من صحة المدخلات وتطهيرها على مستوى التطبيق
2. نشر قواعد جدار حماية تطبيقات الويب (WAF) تحجب أنماط حقن الأوامر
3. تقييد وصول MSC API إلى عناوين IP المدرجة في القائمة البيضاء فقط
4. تطبيق المصادقة متعددة العوامل لجميع وصول MSC الإداري
5. تشغيل عمليات MSC بأقل امتيازات مطلوبة

الكشف:
1. مراقبة أنماط تنفيذ الأوامر المريبة في سجلات MSC
2. التنبيه على توليد العمليات غير المتوقعة من حسابات خدمة MSC
3. تتبع الاتصالات الشبكية غير المعتادة من MSC إلى الأنظمة الخارجية
4. تطبيق قواعد YARA: كشف أحرف shell الخاصة في طلبات MSC API
5. مراقبة تعديلات الملفات في أدلة تثبيت MSC
📋 Regulatory Compliance Mapping
🟢 NCA ECC 2024
ECC 2024 A.5.1.1 - Network and Information Security Policies ECC 2024 A.5.2.1 - Access Control and Authentication ECC 2024 A.5.3.1 - Cryptography and Data Protection ECC 2024 A.5.4.1 - System and Communications Protection ECC 2024 A.5.5.1 - Incident Response and Management
🔵 SAMA CSF
SAMA CSF ID.AM-2 - Software, platforms, and applications inventory SAMA CSF PR.AC-1 - Access control policy and procedures SAMA CSF PR.PT-1 - Security awareness and training SAMA CSF DE.CM-1 - Network monitoring and anomaly detection SAMA CSF RS.RP-1 - Response planning and procedures
🟡 ISO 27001:2022
ISO 27001:2022 A.5.15 - Access Control ISO 27001:2022 A.5.23 - Information Security for Supplier Relationships ISO 27001:2022 A.8.1 - User Endpoint Devices ISO 27001:2022 A.8.3 - Access Control ISO 27001:2022 A.8.22 - Monitoring
🟣 PCI DSS v4.0.1
PCI DSS 1.1 - Firewall configuration standards PCI DSS 2.1 - Default security parameters PCI DSS 6.2 - Security patches and updates PCI DSS 10.2 - User access logging and monitoring
📦 Affected Products / CPE 1 entries
nuvationenergy:nplatform
📊 CVSS Score
8.8
/ 10.0 — High
📊 CVSS Vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Attack VectorN — None / Network
Attack ComplexityL — Low / Local
Privileges RequiredL — Low / Local
User InteractionN — None / Network
ScopeU — Unchanged
ConfidentialityH — High
IntegrityH — High
AvailabilityH — High
📋 Quick Facts
Severity High
CVSS Score8.8
CWECWE-78
EPSS0.25%
Exploit No
Patch ✓ Yes
Published 2026-01-02
Source Feed nvd
Views 5
🇸🇦 Saudi Risk Score
8.9
/ 10.0 — Saudi Risk
Priority: CRITICAL
🏷️ Tags
CWE-78
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