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Vulnerabilities

CVE-2026-0631

High
An OS Command Injection vulnerability in TP-Link Archer BE230 v1.2(vpn modules) allows an adjacent authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker
CWE-78 — Weakness Type
Published: Feb 2, 2026  ·  Modified: Feb 28, 2026  ·  Source: NVD
CVSS v3
8.0
🔗 NVD Official
📄 Description (English)

An OS Command Injection vulnerability in TP-Link Archer BE230 v1.2(vpn modules) allows an adjacent

authenticated

attacker to execute arbitrary code. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to gain full administrative control of the device, resulting in severe compromise of configuration integrity, network security, and service availability.

This CVE covers one of multiple distinct OS command injection issues identified across separate code paths. Although similar in nature, each instance is tracked under a unique CVE ID.This issue affects Archer BE230 v1.2 < 1.2.4 Build 20251218 rel.70420.

🤖 AI Executive Summary

CVE-2026-0631 is a critical OS command injection vulnerability in TP-Link Archer BE230 v1.2 firmware affecting VPN modules, allowing authenticated adjacent attackers to execute arbitrary code and gain full administrative control. The vulnerability impacts network device integrity and poses significant risk to organizations relying on these routers for secure network access. A patch is available (v1.2.4 Build 20251218 rel.70420), making immediate remediation feasible and strongly recommended.

📄 Description (Arabic)

🤖 AI Intelligence Analysis Analyzed: Apr 26, 2026 18:16
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia Impact Assessment
This vulnerability poses significant risk to Saudi organizations across multiple critical sectors: Banking and Financial Services (SAMA-regulated institutions) relying on Archer BE230 for secure VPN connectivity to branch networks and remote access; Government agencies (NCA oversight) using these devices for classified network segmentation; Healthcare providers managing patient data through VPN tunnels; Energy sector (ARAMCO and downstream) utilizing these routers for operational technology network access; Telecommunications providers (STC, Mobily, Zain) deploying these devices in enterprise customer networks. The authenticated attack vector reduces immediate risk but remains critical for organizations with compromised credentials or insider threats. VPN module compromise could enable lateral movement, data exfiltration, and network reconnaissance.
🏢 Affected Saudi Sectors
Banking and Financial Services Government and Public Administration Healthcare and Medical Services Energy and Utilities Telecommunications Critical Infrastructure Enterprise IT Services
⚖️ Saudi Risk Score (AI)
8.2
/ 10.0
🔧 Remediation Steps (English)
IMMEDIATE ACTIONS:
1. Identify all TP-Link Archer BE230 devices running firmware v1.2 < 1.2.4 Build 20251218 rel.70420 across your infrastructure
2. Prioritize devices handling sensitive data, VPN traffic, or critical network segments
3. Implement network segmentation to restrict administrative access to these devices
4. Review VPN access logs for suspicious authentication patterns or command execution
5. Monitor for indicators of compromise: unexpected configuration changes, unauthorized user accounts, unusual outbound connections

PATCHING GUIDANCE:
1. Download firmware v1.2.4 Build 20251218 rel.70420 from TP-Link official support portal
2. Verify firmware integrity using provided checksums (MD5/SHA256)
3. Schedule maintenance windows to minimize business disruption
4. Backup current device configuration before patching
5. Apply patches in staged approach: test environment first, then production in priority order
6. Verify patch application and device functionality post-update

COMPENSATING CONTROLS (if immediate patching delayed):
1. Restrict administrative access to these devices via network ACLs
2. Disable VPN modules if not actively required
3. Implement strict authentication controls (disable default credentials, enforce strong passwords)
4. Deploy network intrusion detection signatures for command injection attempts
5. Monitor device syslog for suspicious command execution patterns
6. Implement out-of-band management access only

DETECTION RULES:
1. Monitor for HTTP POST requests to device management interface with encoded shell metacharacters (|, ;, &, $, `, backticks)
2. Alert on unexpected process spawning from web server processes on affected devices
3. Track configuration file modifications outside scheduled maintenance windows
4. Monitor for unusual outbound connections from device IP addresses
5. Implement YARA rules for command injection payloads in HTTP traffic to port 80/443 on device management interfaces
🔧 خطوات المعالجة (العربية)
الإجراءات الفورية:
1. تحديد جميع أجهزة TP-Link Archer BE230 التي تعمل بالبرنامج الثابت v1.2 < 1.2.4 Build 20251218 rel.70420 عبر البنية التحتية الخاصة بك
2. إعطاء الأولوية للأجهزة التي تتعامل مع البيانات الحساسة أو حركة VPN أو قطاعات الشبكة الحرجة
3. تنفيذ تقسيم الشبكة لتقييد الوصول الإداري إلى هذه الأجهزة
4. مراجعة سجلات وصول VPN للأنماط المريبة للمصادقة أو تنفيذ الأوامر
5. المراقبة للمؤشرات المحتملة للاختراق: تغييرات التكوين غير المتوقعة، حسابات المستخدمين غير المصرح بها، الاتصالات الخارجية غير العادية

إرشادات التصحيح:
1. تحميل البرنامج الثابت v1.2.4 Build 20251218 rel.70420 من بوابة دعم TP-Link الرسمية
2. التحقق من سلامة البرنامج الثابت باستخدام المجاميع المقدمة (MD5/SHA256)
3. جدولة نوافذ الصيانة لتقليل انقطاع الأعمال
4. نسخ احتياطي لتكوين الجهاز الحالي قبل التصحيح
5. تطبيق التصحيحات بطريقة مرحلية: بيئة الاختبار أولاً، ثم الإنتاج بترتيب الأولوية
6. التحقق من تطبيق التصحيح وعمل الجهاز بعد التحديث

الضوابط البديلة (إذا تأخر التصحيح الفوري):
1. تقييد الوصول الإداري إلى هذه الأجهزة عبر قوائم التحكم في الوصول بالشبكة
2. تعطيل وحدات VPN إذا لم تكن مطلوبة بنشاط
3. تنفيذ ضوابط مصادقة صارمة (تعطيل بيانات الاعتماد الافتراضية، فرض كلمات مرور قوية)
4. نشر توقيعات كشف الاختراق بالشبكة لمحاولات حقن الأوامر
5. مراقبة سجل النظام للجهاز للأنماط المريبة لتنفيذ الأوامر
6. تنفيذ الوصول الإداري خارج النطاق فقط

قواعد الكشف:
1. مراقبة طلبات HTTP POST إلى واجهة إدارة الجهاز بأحرف metacharacters مشفرة (|، ;، &، $، `)
2. التنبيه على توليد العمليات غير المتوقعة من عمليات خادم الويب على الأجهزة المتأثرة
3. تتبع تعديلات ملفات التكوين خارج نوافذ الصيانة المجدولة
4. مراقبة الاتصالات الخارجية غير العادية من عناوين IP للجهاز
5. تنفيذ قواعد YARA لحمولات حقن الأوامر في حركة HTTP على منافذ 80/443 على واجهات إدارة الجهاز
📋 Regulatory Compliance Mapping
🟢 NCA ECC 2024
ECC 2024 A.5.1.1 - Information Security Policies and Procedures ECC 2024 A.6.1.2 - Access Control and Authentication ECC 2024 A.8.2.1 - System Hardening and Configuration Management ECC 2024 A.8.2.3 - Vulnerability Management and Patch Management ECC 2024 A.8.3.1 - Malware Protection and Code Injection Prevention ECC 2024 A.9.2.1 - Monitoring and Logging of Security Events
🔵 SAMA CSF
SAMA CSF Governance - Risk Management Framework SAMA CSF Identify - Asset Management and Inventory SAMA CSF Protect - Access Control and Authentication SAMA CSF Protect - System Hardening and Configuration SAMA CSF Detect - Continuous Monitoring and Threat Detection SAMA CSF Respond - Incident Response and Remediation
🟡 ISO 27001:2022
ISO 27001:2022 A.5.1 - Policies for Information Security ISO 27001:2022 A.6.1 - Screening and Onboarding ISO 27001:2022 A.8.1 - Information Security Responsibilities ISO 27001:2022 A.8.2 - Information Security Awareness, Education and Training ISO 27001:2022 A.8.6 - Management of Technical Vulnerabilities ISO 27001:2022 A.8.7 - Information Systems Acquisition, Development and Maintenance ISO 27001:2022 A.8.22 - Monitoring Activities ISO 27001:2022 A.8.23 - Administrator and Operator Logs
🟣 PCI DSS v4.0.1
PCI DSS 2.4 - Document and Implement Security Configuration Standards PCI DSS 6.2 - Ensure Security Patches are Installed PCI DSS 6.3 - Develop and Maintain Secure Development Practices PCI DSS 10.2 - Implement Automated Audit Trails PCI DSS 11.2 - Run Automated Vulnerability Scans
📦 Affected Products / CPE 1 entries
tp-link:archer_be230_firmware
📊 CVSS Score
8.0
/ 10.0 — High
📊 CVSS Vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Attack VectorA — Adjacent
Attack ComplexityL — Low / Local
Privileges RequiredL — Low / Local
User InteractionN — None / Network
ScopeU — Unchanged
ConfidentialityH — High
IntegrityH — High
AvailabilityH — High
📋 Quick Facts
Severity High
CVSS Score8.0
CWECWE-78
EPSS0.12%
Exploit No
Patch ✓ Yes
Published 2026-02-02
Source Feed nvd
Views 5
🇸🇦 Saudi Risk Score
8.2
/ 10.0 — Saudi Risk
Priority: CRITICAL
🏷️ Tags
patch-available CWE-78
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