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Vulnerabilities

CVE-2026-20831

High
Time-of-check time-of-use (toctou) race condition in Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
CWE-367 — Weakness Type
Published: Jan 13, 2026  ·  Modified: Feb 28, 2026  ·  Source: NVD
CVSS v3
7.8
🔗 NVD Official
📄 Description (English)

Time-of-check time-of-use (toctou) race condition in Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.

🤖 AI Executive Summary

CVE-2026-20831 is a local privilege escalation vulnerability in Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock affecting multiple Windows 10 and Windows 11 versions, as well as Windows Server 2008 SP2. The TOCTOU race condition allows an authorized local attacker to elevate privileges, requiring immediate patching across enterprise environments. While no public exploit is currently available, the vulnerability's high CVSS score (7.8) and wide platform coverage make it a significant risk for Saudi organizations.

📄 Description (Arabic)

🤖 AI Intelligence Analysis Analyzed: Apr 28, 2026 12:01
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia Impact Assessment
This vulnerability poses significant risk to Saudi government agencies (NCA, GOSI), banking sector (SAMA-regulated institutions, major banks), healthcare organizations (MOH facilities), energy sector (ARAMCO, SEC), and telecommunications (STC, Mobily). The local privilege escalation capability could enable insider threats or compromised user accounts to gain system-level access, potentially leading to data exfiltration, system compromise, and lateral movement within critical infrastructure networks. Windows 10 and 11 are widely deployed across Saudi enterprises, making this a broad exposure issue.
🏢 Affected Saudi Sectors
Banking & Financial Services Government & Public Administration Healthcare Energy & Utilities Telecommunications Defense & Security Education Transportation
🎯 MITRE ATT&CK Techniques
T1548 - Abuse Elevation Control Mechanism T1548.004 - Abuse Elevation Control Mechanism: Elevated Execution with Prompt T1134 - Access Token Manipulation T1547 - Boot or Logon Autostart Execution T1547.001 - Boot or Logon Autostart Execution: Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder T1547.014 - Boot or Logon Autostart Execution: Active Setup T1547.015 - Boot or Logon Autostart Execution: Login Hook T1547.008 - Boot or Logon Autostart Execution: LSASS Driver T1547.010 - Boot or Logon Autostart Execution: Port Monitors T1547.011 - Boot or Logon Autostart Execution: Print Processors T1547.012 - Boot or Logon Autostart Execution: Print Providers T1547.013 - Boot or Logon Autostart Execution: Winsock Helper DLLs T1547.004 - Boot or Logon Autostart Execution: Winlogon Helper DLL T1547.005 - Boot or Logon Autostart Execution: Security Support Provider T1547.006 - Boot or Logon Autostart Execution: Kernel Modules and Extensions T1547.007 - Boot or Logon Autostart Execution: Re-opened Applications T1547.009 - Boot or Logon Autostart Execution: Shortcut Modification T1547.002 - Boot or Logon Autostart Execution: Authentication Packages T1547.003 - Boot or Logon Autostart Execution: Time Providers T1134.001 - Access Token Manipulation: Token Impersonation/Theft T1134.002 - Access Token Manipulation: Create Process with Token T1134.003 - Access Token Manipulation: Make and Impersonate Token T1134.004 - Access Token Manipulation: Parent PID Spoofing T1134.005 - Access Token Manipulation: SID-History Injection
⚖️ Saudi Risk Score (AI)
7.8
/ 10.0
🔧 Remediation Steps (English)
IMMEDIATE ACTIONS:
1. Inventory all Windows 10 (versions 1607, 1809, 21H2, 22H2) and Windows 11 (23H2, 24H2, 25H2) systems, plus Windows Server 2008 SP2 installations
2. Prioritize patching for systems in critical infrastructure, government, and financial sectors
3. Apply Microsoft security updates immediately upon availability

PATCHING GUIDANCE:
1. Deploy Windows Update patches to all affected systems within 48-72 hours for critical infrastructure
2. For Windows Server 2008 SP2 (end-of-life), plan migration to supported versions or apply patch if available
3. Test patches in non-production environments first
4. Implement phased rollout to minimize operational disruption

COMPENSATING CONTROLS (if patching delayed):
1. Restrict local administrative access and enforce principle of least privilege
2. Implement application whitelisting to prevent unauthorized privilege escalation attempts
3. Monitor and audit local account creation and privilege changes
4. Disable unnecessary network services and WinSock-dependent applications
5. Implement endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions to detect privilege escalation attempts

DETECTION RULES:
1. Monitor for suspicious WinSock driver access patterns and file handle operations
2. Alert on unexpected privilege elevation events from non-administrative accounts
3. Track process creation with elevated privileges from standard user contexts
4. Monitor Windows Event Log for Security events (ID 4688 - Process Creation, ID 4672 - Special Privileges Assigned)
5. Implement YARA rules to detect exploitation attempts targeting WinSock driver memory regions
🔧 خطوات المعالجة (العربية)
الإجراءات الفورية:
1. حصر جميع أنظمة Windows 10 (الإصدارات 1607، 1809، 21H2، 22H2) و Windows 11 (23H2، 24H2، 25H2)، بالإضافة إلى تثبيتات Windows Server 2008 SP2
2. إعطاء الأولوية لتصحيح الأنظمة في البنية التحتية الحرجة والحكومة والقطاع المالي
3. تطبيق تحديثات أمان Microsoft فوراً عند توفرها

إرشادات التصحيح:
1. نشر تحديثات Windows Update لجميع الأنظمة المتأثرة خلال 48-72 ساعة للبنية التحتية الحرجة
2. بالنسبة لـ Windows Server 2008 SP2 (نهاية الدعم)، خطط للترقية إلى إصدارات مدعومة أو تطبيق التصحيح إن توفر
3. اختبر التصحيحات في بيئات غير الإنتاج أولاً
4. نفذ النشر على مراحل لتقليل الاضطراب التشغيلي

الضوابط البديلة (إذا تأخر التصحيح):
1. قيد الوصول الإداري المحلي وفرض مبدأ أقل امتياز
2. نفذ قائمة بيضاء للتطبيقات لمنع محاولات تصعيد الامتيازات غير المصرح بها
3. راقب وتدقيق إنشاء الحسابات المحلية وتغييرات الامتيازات
4. عطل الخدمات غير الضرورية والتطبيقات التابعة لـ WinSock
5. نفذ حلول الكشف والاستجابة على نقطة النهاية (EDR) للكشف عن محاولات تصعيد الامتيازات

قواعد الكشف:
1. راقب أنماط الوصول المريبة لبرنامج تشغيل WinSock وعمليات معالجة الملفات
2. أصدر تنبيهات لأحداث تصعيد الامتيازات غير المتوقعة من حسابات غير إدارية
3. تتبع إنشاء العمليات برفع الامتيازات من سياقات المستخدم القياسي
4. راقب سجل أحداث Windows للأحداث الأمنية (ID 4688 - إنشاء العملية، ID 4672 - تعيين الامتيازات الخاصة)
5. نفذ قواعس YARA للكشف عن محاولات الاستغلال التي تستهدف مناطق ذاكرة برنامج تشغيل WinSock
📋 Regulatory Compliance Mapping
🟢 NCA ECC 2024
ECC 2024 - 5.1.1 Access Control Policy ECC 2024 - 5.1.2 User Registration and De-registration ECC 2024 - 5.1.3 User Access Rights ECC 2024 - 5.1.4 Access Rights Review ECC 2024 - 5.2.1 Information Security Responsibilities ECC 2024 - 5.3.1 Segregation of Duties ECC 2024 - 6.5.1 Control of Internal Processing ECC 2024 - 6.5.2 Secure Development Policy
🔵 SAMA CSF
SAMA CSF - Governance & Risk Management (GRM-01: Risk Assessment) SAMA CSF - Asset Management (AM-01: Asset Inventory) SAMA CSF - Access Control (AC-01: Access Control Policy) SAMA CSF - Vulnerability Management (VM-01: Vulnerability Assessment) SAMA CSF - Incident Management (IM-01: Incident Response Plan)
🟡 ISO 27001:2022
ISO 27001:2022 - 5.1 Policies for information security ISO 27001:2022 - 5.3 Segregation of duties ISO 27001:2022 - 6.1 Screening ISO 27001:2022 - 6.5 Access control ISO 27001:2022 - 8.1 Information security risk assessment ISO 27001:2022 - 8.2 Information security risk treatment ISO 27001:2022 - 8.3 Information security risk acceptance ISO 27001:2022 - 8.4 Information security risk communication
🟣 PCI DSS v4.0.1
PCI DSS 4.0 - Requirement 2: Do Not Use Vendor-Supplied Defaults PCI DSS 4.0 - Requirement 6: Develop and Maintain Secure Systems and Applications PCI DSS 4.0 - Requirement 7: Restrict Access to Data by Business Need to Know PCI DSS 4.0 - Requirement 8: Identify Users and Restrict Access to Cardholder Data
📦 Affected Products / CPE 19 entries
microsoft:windows_10_1607
microsoft:windows_10_1607
microsoft:windows_10_1809
microsoft:windows_10_1809
microsoft:windows_10_21h2
microsoft:windows_10_22h2
microsoft:windows_11_23h2
microsoft:windows_11_24h2
microsoft:windows_11_25h2
microsoft:windows_server_2008:-
microsoft:windows_server_2008:-
microsoft:windows_server_2008:r2
microsoft:windows_server_2012:-
microsoft:windows_server_2012:r2
microsoft:windows_server_2016
microsoft:windows_server_2019
microsoft:windows_server_2022
microsoft:windows_server_2022_23h2
microsoft:windows_server_2025
📊 CVSS Score
7.8
/ 10.0 — High
📊 CVSS Vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Attack VectorL — Low / Local
Attack ComplexityL — Low / Local
Privileges RequiredL — Low / Local
User InteractionN — None / Network
ScopeU — Unchanged
ConfidentialityH — High
IntegrityH — High
AvailabilityH — High
📋 Quick Facts
Severity High
CVSS Score7.8
CWECWE-367
EPSS0.03%
Exploit No
Patch ✓ Yes
Published 2026-01-13
Source Feed nvd
Views 2
🇸🇦 Saudi Risk Score
7.8
/ 10.0 — Saudi Risk
Priority: HIGH
🏷️ Tags
CWE-367
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