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Vulnerabilities

CVE-2026-23673

High
Out-of-bounds read in Windows Resilient File System (ReFS) allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
CWE-125 — Weakness Type
Published: Mar 10, 2026  ·  Modified: Mar 17, 2026  ·  Source: NVD
CVSS v3
7.8
🔗 NVD Official
📄 Description (English)

Out-of-bounds read in Windows Resilient File System (ReFS) allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.

🤖 AI Executive Summary

CVE-2026-23673 is a high-severity out-of-bounds read vulnerability in Windows ReFS affecting multiple Windows 10 versions. An authorized local attacker can exploit this to elevate privileges, potentially gaining system-level access. While no public exploit is currently available, the vulnerability requires immediate patching due to its privilege escalation capability and broad Windows 10 version coverage across Saudi organizations.

📄 Description (Arabic)

🤖 AI Intelligence Analysis Analyzed: Apr 29, 2026 00:28
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia Impact Assessment
This vulnerability poses significant risk to Saudi government agencies, banking sector (SAMA-regulated institutions), healthcare facilities, and energy sector organizations (ARAMCO, downstream companies) that rely on Windows 10 infrastructure. Government entities using ReFS for data storage face elevated risk of insider threats and privilege escalation attacks. Banking and financial institutions are particularly vulnerable as compromised systems could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive financial data. Telecom operators (STC, Mobily, Zain) managing critical infrastructure with Windows 10 systems are also at risk. The vulnerability's requirement for local access limits exposure but remains critical for multi-user systems and remote desktop environments common in Saudi enterprises.
🏢 Affected Saudi Sectors
Government and Public Administration Banking and Financial Services Healthcare and Medical Facilities Energy and Utilities (ARAMCO, downstream) Telecommunications (STC, Mobily, Zain) Education and Universities Defense and Security Transportation and Logistics
⚖️ Saudi Risk Score (AI)
7.2
/ 10.0
🔧 Remediation Steps (English)
IMMEDIATE ACTIONS:
1. Identify all Windows 10 systems running affected versions (1607, 1809, 21H2, 22H2) using SCCM, Intune, or network scanning tools
2. Prioritize systems with ReFS volumes and multi-user access patterns
3. Restrict local access and disable unnecessary user accounts pending patch deployment

PATCHING GUIDANCE:
1. Deploy Microsoft security updates immediately through Windows Update or WSUS
2. For Windows 10 1607 and 1809 (extended support), obtain patches from Microsoft Update Catalog
3. Test patches in non-production environments first, particularly for systems with ReFS-dependent applications
4. Implement phased rollout to critical systems first (government, banking, healthcare)

COMPENSATING CONTROLS (if patching delayed):
1. Implement application whitelisting to prevent unauthorized privilege escalation attempts
2. Enable Windows Defender Exploit Guard with Attack Surface Reduction rules
3. Monitor and restrict local administrative access through Group Policy
4. Disable ReFS if not actively required; migrate to NTFS where feasible
5. Implement privileged access management (PAM) solutions for sensitive systems

DETECTION RULES:
1. Monitor for suspicious ReFS API calls and out-of-bounds memory access attempts
2. Alert on privilege escalation events (Event ID 4672, 4673, 4674 in Windows Security logs)
3. Track ReFS volume access patterns and unusual file system operations
4. Monitor for exploitation indicators: abnormal process creation from low-privilege contexts, unexpected system-level process spawning
🔧 خطوات المعالجة (العربية)
الإجراءات الفورية:
1. تحديد جميع أنظمة Windows 10 التي تعمل بالإصدارات المتأثرة (1607، 1809، 21H2، 22H2) باستخدام SCCM أو Intune أو أدوات المسح
2. إعطاء الأولوية للأنظمة التي تحتوي على مجلدات ReFS والوصول متعدد المستخدمين
3. تقييد الوصول المحلي وتعطيل حسابات المستخدمين غير الضرورية قبل نشر التصحيح

إرشادات التصحيح:
1. نشر تحديثات أمان Microsoft فوراً عبر Windows Update أو WSUS
2. للإصدارات 1607 و1809 (الدعم الممتد)، احصل على التصحيحات من Microsoft Update Catalog
3. اختبر التصحيحات في بيئات غير الإنتاج أولاً، خاصة للأنظمة التي تعتمد على ReFS
4. تنفيذ النشر على مراحل للأنظمة الحرجة أولاً (حكومة، بنوك، رعاية صحية)

الضوابط البديلة (إذا تأخر التصحيح):
1. تنفيذ قائمة بيضاء للتطبيقات لمنع محاولات رفع الامتيازات غير المصرح بها
2. تفعيل Windows Defender Exploit Guard مع قواعد تقليل سطح الهجوم
3. مراقبة وتقييد الوصول الإداري المحلي عبر Group Policy
4. تعطيل ReFS إذا لم يكن مطلوباً بنشاط؛ الهجرة إلى NTFS حيث أمكن
5. تنفيذ حلول إدارة الوصول المميز (PAM) للأنظمة الحساسة

قواعد الكشف:
1. مراقبة استدعاءات ReFS API المريبة ومحاولات الوصول للذاكرة خارج الحدود
2. تنبيهات على أحداث رفع الامتيازات (معرفات الأحداث 4672، 4673، 4674 في سجلات أمان Windows)
3. تتبع أنماط الوصول إلى مجلدات ReFS والعمليات غير العادية على نظام الملفات
4. مراقبة مؤشرات الاستغلال: إنشاء عمليات غير عادية من سياقات منخفضة الامتيازات
📋 Regulatory Compliance Mapping
🟢 NCA ECC 2024
ECC 2024 A.5.1.1 - Access Control Policies ECC 2024 A.5.2.1 - User Registration and De-registration ECC 2024 A.5.3.1 - Management of Privileged Access Rights ECC 2024 A.6.2.1 - Restriction of Access to Information ECC 2024 A.12.6.1 - Management of Technical Vulnerabilities
🔵 SAMA CSF
SAMA CSF ID.AM-2 - Hardware and Software Assets SAMA CSF PR.AC-1 - Access Control Policy SAMA CSF PR.AC-4 - Access Rights Management SAMA CSF DE.CM-8 - Vulnerability Scans SAMA CSF RS.MI-2 - Incident Response Procedures
🟡 ISO 27001:2022
ISO 27001:2022 A.5.15 - Access Control ISO 27001:2022 A.8.1 - User Endpoint Devices ISO 27001:2022 A.8.2 - Privileged Access Rights ISO 27001:2022 A.12.6.1 - Management of Technical Vulnerabilities ISO 27001:2022 A.14.2.1 - Secure Development Policy
🟣 PCI DSS v4.0.1
PCI DSS 2.4 - Configuration Standards PCI DSS 6.2 - Security Patches PCI DSS 7.1 - Limit Access to System Components PCI DSS 10.2 - Implement Automated Audit Trails
📦 Affected Products / CPE 25 entries
microsoft:windows_10_1607
microsoft:windows_10_1607
microsoft:windows_10_1809
microsoft:windows_10_1809
microsoft:windows_10_21h2
microsoft:windows_10_21h2
microsoft:windows_10_21h2
microsoft:windows_10_22h2
microsoft:windows_10_22h2
microsoft:windows_10_22h2
microsoft:windows_11_23h2
microsoft:windows_11_23h2
microsoft:windows_11_24h2
microsoft:windows_11_24h2
microsoft:windows_11_25h2
microsoft:windows_11_25h2
microsoft:windows_11_26h1
microsoft:windows_11_26h1
microsoft:windows_server_2012:-
microsoft:windows_server_2012:r2
microsoft:windows_server_2016
microsoft:windows_server_2019
microsoft:windows_server_2022
microsoft:windows_server_2022_23h2
microsoft:windows_server_2025
📊 CVSS Score
7.8
/ 10.0 — High
📊 CVSS Vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Attack VectorL — Low / Local
Attack ComplexityL — Low / Local
Privileges RequiredL — Low / Local
User InteractionN — None / Network
ScopeU — Unchanged
ConfidentialityH — High
IntegrityH — High
AvailabilityH — High
📋 Quick Facts
Severity High
CVSS Score7.8
CWECWE-125
Exploit No
Patch ✓ Yes
Published 2026-03-10
Source Feed nvd
Views 4
🇸🇦 Saudi Risk Score
7.2
/ 10.0 — Saudi Risk
Priority: HIGH
🏷️ Tags
CWE-125
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