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Vulnerabilities

CVE-2026-25055

High
n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Prior to versions 1.123.12 and 2.4.0, when workflows process uploaded files and transfer them to remote servers via the SSH node without validating
CWE-22 — Weakness Type
Published: Feb 4, 2026  ·  Modified: Feb 28, 2026  ·  Source: NVD
CVSS v3
8.1
🔗 NVD Official
📄 Description (English)

n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Prior to versions 1.123.12 and 2.4.0, when workflows process uploaded files and transfer them to remote servers via the SSH node without validating their metadata the vulnerability can lead to files being written to unintended locations on those remote systems potentially leading to remote code execution on those systems. As a prerequisites an unauthenticated attacker needs knowledge of such workflows existing and the endpoints for file uploads need to be unauthenticated. This issue has been patched in versions 1.123.12 and 2.4.0.

🤖 AI Executive Summary

CVE-2026-25055 is a path traversal vulnerability in n8n workflow automation platform affecting versions before 1.123.12 and 2.4.0. Unauthenticated attackers can exploit unvalidated file metadata in SSH node transfers to write files to arbitrary locations on remote systems, potentially achieving remote code execution. This vulnerability requires knowledge of vulnerable workflows and unauthenticated file upload endpoints, making it a significant risk for organizations using n8n in production environments.

📄 Description (Arabic)

🤖 AI Intelligence Analysis Analyzed: Apr 26, 2026 09:02
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia Impact Assessment
Saudi organizations using n8n for workflow automation—particularly in banking (SAMA-regulated institutions), government agencies (NCA oversight), healthcare systems, and energy sector operations—face significant risk. The vulnerability is especially critical for organizations processing sensitive documents or configurations through automated workflows. Financial institutions and government entities managing document processing pipelines are at highest risk of data exfiltration and system compromise. Telecom operators (STC, Mobily) using n8n for service automation could experience service disruption and unauthorized access to customer data.
🏢 Affected Saudi Sectors
Banking and Financial Services Government and Public Administration Healthcare and Medical Services Energy and Utilities Telecommunications Manufacturing and Industrial Retail and E-commerce
⚖️ Saudi Risk Score (AI)
8.2
/ 10.0
🔧 Remediation Steps (English)
IMMEDIATE ACTIONS:
1. Identify all n8n instances in your environment and document their versions
2. Disable or restrict access to unauthenticated file upload endpoints immediately
3. Review workflow logs for suspicious file transfer activities, particularly SSH node operations
4. Implement network segmentation to limit SSH node access to trusted remote systems only

PATCHING:
1. Upgrade n8n to version 1.123.12 (for v1.x) or 2.4.0 (for v2.x) immediately
2. Test patches in non-production environments first
3. Implement change management procedures for production upgrades

COMPENSATING CONTROLS (if immediate patching not possible):
1. Implement authentication on all file upload endpoints
2. Validate and sanitize file metadata before SSH transfers
3. Implement strict input validation on file paths and names
4. Use SSH key-based authentication with restricted permissions
5. Monitor SSH node activities with detailed logging

DETECTION:
1. Monitor for path traversal patterns in file names (../, ..\, encoded variants)
2. Alert on SSH node operations with unusual file paths
3. Track failed file write attempts to unexpected directories
4. Monitor for unauthenticated access to file upload endpoints
🔧 خطوات المعالجة (العربية)
الإجراءات الفورية:
1. حدد جميع مثيلات n8n في بيئتك وقثق إصداراتها
2. عطل أو قيد الوصول إلى نقاط نهاية تحميل الملفات غير المصرحة فوراً
3. راجع سجلات سير العمل للأنشطة المريبة في نقل الملفات، خاصة عمليات عقدة SSH
4. طبق تقسيم الشبكة لتحديد وصول عقدة SSH إلى الأنظمة البعيدة الموثوقة فقط

التصحيح:
1. ترقية n8n إلى الإصدار 1.123.12 (للإصدار v1.x) أو 2.4.0 (للإصدار v2.x) فوراً
2. اختبر التصحيحات في بيئات غير الإنتاج أولاً
3. طبق إجراءات إدارة التغيير لترقيات الإنتاج

الضوابط البديلة (إذا لم يكن التصحيح الفوري ممكناً):
1. طبق المصادقة على جميع نقاط نهاية تحميل الملفات
2. تحقق من بيانات وصفية للملفات وقم بتنظيفها قبل نقل SSH
3. طبق التحقق الصارم من المدخلات على مسارات الملفات والأسماء
4. استخدم المصادقة المستندة إلى مفتاح SSH مع أذونات مقيدة
5. راقب أنشطة عقدة SSH بسجل تفصيلي

الكشف:
1. راقب أنماط اجتياز المسار في أسماء الملفات (../, ..\, المتغيرات المشفرة)
2. تنبيه على عمليات عقدة SSH بمسارات ملفات غير عادية
3. تتبع محاولات كتابة الملفات الفاشلة في الدلائل غير المتوقعة
4. راقب الوصول غير المصرح إلى نقاط نهاية تحميل الملفات
📋 Regulatory Compliance Mapping
🟢 NCA ECC 2024
ECC 2024 A.14.2.1 - Information security requirements for supplier relationships ECC 2024 A.12.6.1 - Management of technical vulnerabilities ECC 2024 A.12.2.1 - Establishment of information security baselines
🔵 SAMA CSF
SAMA CSF ID.BE-3 - Organizational resilience SAMA CSF PR.AC-1 - Access control policy and procedures SAMA CSF PR.PT-1 - Audit and accountability mechanisms SAMA CSF DE.CM-1 - Detection and monitoring systems
🟡 ISO 27001:2022
ISO 27001:2022 A.5.23 - Information security for supplier relationships ISO 27001:2022 A.8.1 - User endpoint devices ISO 27001:2022 A.12.6.1 - Management of technical vulnerabilities ISO 27001:2022 A.14.2.1 - Supplier security assessment
🟣 PCI DSS v4.0.1
PCI DSS 6.2 - Security patches and updates PCI DSS 6.5.1 - Injection flaws prevention PCI DSS 8.1 - User identification and authentication
📦 Affected Products / CPE 2 entries
n8n:n8n
n8n:n8n
📊 CVSS Score
8.1
/ 10.0 — High
📊 CVSS Vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Attack VectorN — None / Network
Attack ComplexityH — High
Privileges RequiredN — None / Network
User InteractionN — None / Network
ScopeU — Unchanged
ConfidentialityH — High
IntegrityH — High
AvailabilityH — High
📋 Quick Facts
Severity High
CVSS Score8.1
CWECWE-22
EPSS0.11%
Exploit No
Patch ✓ Yes
Published 2026-02-04
Source Feed nvd
Views 5
🇸🇦 Saudi Risk Score
8.2
/ 10.0 — Saudi Risk
Priority: CRITICAL
🏷️ Tags
patch-available CWE-22
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