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Vulnerabilities

CVE-2026-25174

High
Out-of-bounds read in Windows Extensible File Allocation allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
CWE-125 — Weakness Type
Published: Mar 10, 2026  ·  Modified: Mar 17, 2026  ·  Source: NVD
CVSS v3
7.8
🔗 NVD Official
📄 Description (English)

Out-of-bounds read in Windows Extensible File Allocation allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.

🤖 AI Executive Summary

CVE-2026-25174 is a high-severity out-of-bounds read vulnerability in Windows Extensible File Allocation Table (exFAT) that allows authenticated local attackers to escalate privileges. Affecting multiple Windows 10 versions (1607, 1809, 21H2, 22H2) across x86, x64, and ARM64 architectures, this vulnerability poses significant risk to Saudi organizations with large Windows 10 deployments. While no public exploit is currently available, the vulnerability requires immediate patching to prevent potential privilege escalation attacks.

📄 Description (Arabic)

🤖 AI Intelligence Analysis Analyzed: Apr 29, 2026 04:54
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia Impact Assessment
This vulnerability poses significant risk to Saudi government agencies (NCA, NCSC), banking sector (SAMA-regulated institutions, major banks), healthcare organizations (MOH facilities), energy sector (ARAMCO, SEC), and telecommunications providers (STC, Mobily). Windows 10 remains widely deployed across these sectors for workstations and servers. Privilege escalation attacks could compromise sensitive data, disrupt critical services, and enable lateral movement within enterprise networks. Government and financial institutions are particularly vulnerable due to their reliance on Windows infrastructure and the potential for data exfiltration.
🏢 Affected Saudi Sectors
Government (NCA, NCSC, Ministry of Interior) Banking and Financial Services (SAMA-regulated institutions) Healthcare (Ministry of Health, private hospitals) Energy (ARAMCO, SEC) Telecommunications (STC, Mobily, Zain) Education (Universities, research institutions) Critical Infrastructure
⚖️ Saudi Risk Score (AI)
7.2
/ 10.0
🔧 Remediation Steps (English)
IMMEDIATE ACTIONS:
1. Identify all Windows 10 systems running versions 1607, 1809, 21H2, or 22H2 across x86, x64, and ARM64 architectures
2. Prioritize patching for government, banking, healthcare, and energy sector systems
3. Apply Microsoft security patches immediately upon availability through Windows Update or WSUS

PATCHING GUIDANCE:
1. Deploy patches via Windows Update, WSUS, or Microsoft Update Catalog
2. Test patches in non-production environments first
3. Implement phased rollout starting with critical systems
4. Verify patch installation using Get-HotFix PowerShell command

COMPENSATING CONTROLS (if patching delayed):
1. Restrict local access to systems through Group Policy and access controls
2. Disable exFAT support where not required
3. Monitor for suspicious privilege escalation attempts
4. Implement application whitelisting to prevent unauthorized execution
5. Enable Windows Defender Application Guard for additional isolation

DETECTION RULES:
1. Monitor Event ID 4688 for suspicious process creation with elevated privileges
2. Alert on unexpected exFAT file system access patterns
3. Track failed and successful privilege escalation attempts (Event ID 4673)
4. Monitor for unusual kernel-mode activity and memory access violations
5. Implement EDR solutions to detect privilege escalation techniques (MITRE T1134)
🔧 خطوات المعالجة (العربية)
الإجراءات الفورية:
1. تحديد جميع أنظمة Windows 10 التي تعمل بإصدارات 1607 و 1809 و 21H2 و 22H2 عبر معماريات x86 و x64 و ARM64
2. إعطاء الأولوية لتصحيح الأنظمة في القطاعات الحكومية والمصرفية والصحية والطاقة
3. تطبيق تصحيحات أمان Microsoft فورًا عند توفرها من خلال Windows Update أو WSUS

إرشادات التصحيح:
1. نشر التصحيحات عبر Windows Update أو WSUS أو Microsoft Update Catalog
2. اختبار التصحيحات في بيئات غير الإنتاج أولاً
3. تنفيذ نشر متدرج بدءًا من الأنظمة الحرجة
4. التحقق من تثبيت التصحيح باستخدام أمر PowerShell Get-HotFix

الضوابط البديلة (إذا تأخر التصحيح):
1. تقييد الوصول المحلي للأنظمة من خلال Group Policy وضوابط الوصول
2. تعطيل دعم exFAT حيث لا يكون مطلوبًا
3. مراقبة محاولات تصعيد الامتيازات المريبة
4. تنفيذ القائمة البيضاء للتطبيقات لمنع التنفيذ غير المصرح به
5. تفعيل Windows Defender Application Guard للعزل الإضافي

قواعد الكشف:
1. مراقبة Event ID 4688 لإنشاء عملية مريبة بامتيازات مرتفعة
2. التنبيه على أنماط الوصول غير المتوقعة لنظام ملفات exFAT
3. تتبع محاولات تصعيد الامتيازات الفاشلة والناجحة (Event ID 4673)
4. مراقبة النشاط غير المعتاد في وضع kernel والوصول إلى الذاكرة
5. تنفيذ حلول EDR للكشف عن تقنيات تصعيد الامتيازات (MITRE T1134)
📋 Regulatory Compliance Mapping
🟢 NCA ECC 2024
ECC 2024 A.5.1.1 - Access Control Policy ECC 2024 A.5.2.1 - User Registration and De-registration ECC 2024 A.5.3.1 - Access Rights Review ECC 2024 A.8.1.1 - Information Security Awareness ECC 2024 A.12.2.1 - Change Management ECC 2024 A.12.6.1 - Management of Technical Vulnerabilities
🔵 SAMA CSF
SAMA CSF ID.AM-2 - Hardware and Software Inventory SAMA CSF PR.AC-1 - Access Control Policy SAMA CSF PR.PT-2 - Removable Media Protection SAMA CSF DE.CM-1 - Anomalous Activity Detection SAMA CSF RS.MI-2 - Incident Containment
🟡 ISO 27001:2022
ISO 27001:2022 A.5.1 - Policies for Information Security ISO 27001:2022 A.5.3 - Segregation of Duties ISO 27001:2022 A.8.1 - User Endpoint Devices ISO 27001:2022 A.8.2 - Privileged Access Rights ISO 27001:2022 A.12.6 - Management of Technical Vulnerabilities
🟣 PCI DSS v4.0.1
PCI DSS 2.4 - Configuration Standards PCI DSS 6.2 - Security Patches PCI DSS 11.2 - Vulnerability Scanning
📦 Affected Products / CPE 25 entries
microsoft:windows_10_1607
microsoft:windows_10_1607
microsoft:windows_10_1809
microsoft:windows_10_1809
microsoft:windows_10_21h2
microsoft:windows_10_21h2
microsoft:windows_10_21h2
microsoft:windows_10_22h2
microsoft:windows_10_22h2
microsoft:windows_10_22h2
microsoft:windows_11_23h2
microsoft:windows_11_23h2
microsoft:windows_11_24h2
microsoft:windows_11_24h2
microsoft:windows_11_25h2
microsoft:windows_11_25h2
microsoft:windows_11_26h1
microsoft:windows_11_26h1
microsoft:windows_server_2012:-
microsoft:windows_server_2012:r2
microsoft:windows_server_2016
microsoft:windows_server_2019
microsoft:windows_server_2022
microsoft:windows_server_2022_23h2
microsoft:windows_server_2025
📊 CVSS Score
7.8
/ 10.0 — High
📊 CVSS Vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Attack VectorL — Low / Local
Attack ComplexityL — Low / Local
Privileges RequiredL — Low / Local
User InteractionN — None / Network
ScopeU — Unchanged
ConfidentialityH — High
IntegrityH — High
AvailabilityH — High
📋 Quick Facts
Severity High
CVSS Score7.8
CWECWE-125
Exploit No
Patch ✓ Yes
Published 2026-03-10
Source Feed nvd
Views 4
🇸🇦 Saudi Risk Score
7.2
/ 10.0 — Saudi Risk
Priority: HIGH
🏷️ Tags
CWE-125
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