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Vulnerabilities

CVE-2026-28364

High
In OCaml before 4.14.3 and 5.x before 5.4.1, a buffer over-read in Marshal deserialization (runtime/intern.c) enables remote code execution through a multi-phase attack chain. The vulnerability stems
CWE-126 — Weakness Type
Published: Feb 27, 2026  ·  Modified: Feb 28, 2026  ·  Source: NVD
CVSS v3
7.9
🔗 NVD Official
📄 Description (English)

In OCaml before 4.14.3 and 5.x before 5.4.1, a buffer over-read in Marshal deserialization (runtime/intern.c) enables remote code execution through a multi-phase attack chain. The vulnerability stems from missing bounds validation in the readblock() function, which performs unbounded memcpy() operations using attacker-controlled lengths from crafted Marshal data.

🤖 AI Executive Summary

OCaml versions before 4.14.3 and 5.x before 5.4.1 contain a critical buffer over-read vulnerability in Marshal deserialization that enables remote code execution through crafted serialized data. The vulnerability exploits missing bounds validation in the readblock() function, allowing attackers to read beyond allocated memory and potentially execute arbitrary code. This affects any application using OCaml's Marshal module to deserialize untrusted data, requiring immediate patching.

📄 Description (Arabic)

🤖 AI Intelligence Analysis Analyzed: Apr 26, 2026 22:48
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia Impact Assessment
Saudi organizations using OCaml for backend services, financial systems, or data processing face significant risk. Primary impact sectors: (1) Banking/SAMA-regulated institutions using OCaml for transaction processing or risk management systems; (2) Government agencies (NCA, CITC) utilizing OCaml-based applications for critical infrastructure; (3) Telecommunications (STC, Mobily) if OCaml is used in network management or billing systems; (4) Energy sector (ARAMCO, SEC) if OCaml processes operational technology data. The vulnerability is particularly dangerous in multi-tenant cloud environments common in Saudi Arabia where deserialization of untrusted data could lead to lateral movement and data exfiltration.
🏢 Affected Saudi Sectors
Banking and Financial Services Government and Public Administration Telecommunications Energy and Utilities Healthcare Education and Research
⚖️ Saudi Risk Score (AI)
8.2
/ 10.0
🔧 Remediation Steps (English)
IMMEDIATE ACTIONS:
1. Identify all OCaml installations and applications using Marshal module across your infrastructure
2. Audit logs for suspicious Marshal deserialization attempts or crashes in runtime/intern.c
3. Implement network segmentation to restrict untrusted data sources from reaching OCaml applications

PATCHING GUIDANCE:
1. Upgrade OCaml to version 4.14.3 or later for 4.x branch
2. Upgrade OCaml to version 5.4.1 or later for 5.x branch
3. Test patches in non-production environments first, particularly for financial/critical systems
4. Coordinate patching with SAMA/NCA if systems are regulated

COMPENSATING CONTROLS (if immediate patching not possible):
1. Disable Marshal deserialization of untrusted data; use JSON/Protocol Buffers instead
2. Implement strict input validation and size limits before Marshal.from_channel() calls
3. Run OCaml applications in sandboxed containers with restricted memory access
4. Deploy Web Application Firewalls (WAF) to detect and block suspicious serialized payloads
5. Implement strict network access controls limiting data sources to trusted systems only

DETECTION RULES:
1. Monitor for OCaml process crashes with segmentation faults in intern.c
2. Alert on Marshal deserialization of data exceeding expected size thresholds
3. Track unusual memory access patterns in OCaml runtime processes
4. Log all deserialization operations with source IP/user for forensic analysis
🔧 خطوات المعالجة (العربية)
الإجراءات الفورية:
1. تحديد جميع تثبيتات OCaml والتطبيقات التي تستخدم وحدة Marshal عبر البنية التحتية
2. مراجعة السجلات للكشف عن محاولات فك تسلسل Marshal المريبة أو الأعطال في runtime/intern.c
3. تنفيذ تقسيم الشبكة لتقييد مصادر البيانات غير الموثوقة من الوصول إلى تطبيقات OCaml

إرشادات التصحيح:
1. ترقية OCaml إلى الإصدار 4.14.3 أو أحدث للفرع 4.x
2. ترقية OCaml إلى الإصدار 5.4.1 أو أحدث للفرع 5.x
3. اختبار التصحيحات في بيئات غير الإنتاج أولاً، خاصة للأنظمة المالية/الحرجة
4. تنسيق التصحيح مع SAMA/NCA إذا كانت الأنظمة منظمة

الضوابط البديلة (إذا لم يكن التصحيح الفوري ممكناً):
1. تعطيل فك تسلسل Marshal للبيانات غير الموثوقة؛ استخدام JSON/Protocol Buffers بدلاً من ذلك
2. تنفيذ التحقق الصارم من المدخلات وحدود الحجم قبل استدعاءات Marshal.from_channel()
3. تشغيل تطبيقات OCaml في حاويات معزولة بإمكانية وصول محدودة للذاكرة
4. نشر جدران حماية تطبيقات الويب (WAF) للكشف عن الحمولات المسلسلة المريبة وحجبها
5. تنفيذ ضوابط وصول شبكة صارمة تقصر مصادر البيانات على الأنظمة الموثوقة فقط

قواعد الكشف:
1. مراقبة أعطال عملية OCaml مع أخطاء التجزئة في intern.c
2. التنبيه على فك تسلسل Marshal للبيانات التي تتجاوز حدود الحجم المتوقعة
3. تتبع أنماط الوصول غير العادية للذاكرة في عمليات تشغيل OCaml
4. تسجيل جميع عمليات فك التسلسل مع عنوان IP/المستخدم للتحليل الجنائي
📋 Regulatory Compliance Mapping
🟢 NCA ECC 2024
ECC 2024 A.12.6.1 - Management of technical vulnerabilities ECC 2024 A.14.2.1 - Secure development policy ECC 2024 A.12.2.1 - Monitoring of system use
🔵 SAMA CSF
SAMA CSF ID.BE-1 - Asset management and inventory SAMA CSF PR.DS-6 - Data security and integrity SAMA CSF DE.CM-1 - Detection processes and tools
🟡 ISO 27001:2022
ISO 27001:2022 A.12.6.1 - Management of technical vulnerabilities ISO 27001:2022 A.14.2.1 - Secure development policy ISO 27001:2022 A.12.2.1 - Monitoring of system use
🟣 PCI DSS v4.0.1
PCI DSS 6.2 - Security patches and updates PCI DSS 11.2 - Vulnerability scanning
📊 CVSS Score
7.9
/ 10.0 — High
📊 CVSS Vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N
Attack VectorL — Low / Local
Attack ComplexityL — Low / Local
Privileges RequiredN — None / Network
User InteractionN — None / Network
ScopeC — Changed
ConfidentialityH — High
IntegrityL — Low / Local
AvailabilityN — None / Network
📋 Quick Facts
Severity High
CVSS Score7.9
CWECWE-126
EPSS0.04%
Exploit No
Patch ✓ Yes
Published 2026-02-27
Source Feed nvd
Views 5
🇸🇦 Saudi Risk Score
8.2
/ 10.0 — Saudi Risk
Priority: CRITICAL
🏷️ Tags
CWE-126
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