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Vulnerabilities

CVE-2026-31580

High
CWE-416 — Weakness Type
Published: Apr 24, 2026  ·  Modified: May 1, 2026  ·  Source: NVD
CVSS v3
7.8
🔗 NVD Official
📄 Description (English)

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

bcache: fix cached_dev.sb_bio use-after-free and crash

In our production environment, we have received multiple crash reports
regarding libceph, which have caught our attention:

```
[6888366.280350] Call Trace:
[6888366.280452] blk_update_request+0x14e/0x370
[6888366.280561] blk_mq_end_request+0x1a/0x130
[6888366.280671] rbd_img_handle_request+0x1a0/0x1b0 [rbd]
[6888366.280792] rbd_obj_handle_request+0x32/0x40 [rbd]
[6888366.280903] __complete_request+0x22/0x70 [libceph]
[6888366.281032] osd_dispatch+0x15e/0xb40 [libceph]
[6888366.281164] ? inet_recvmsg+0x5b/0xd0
[6888366.281272] ? ceph_tcp_recvmsg+0x6f/0xa0 [libceph]
[6888366.281405] ceph_con_process_message+0x79/0x140 [libceph]
[6888366.281534] ceph_con_v1_try_read+0x5d7/0xf30 [libceph]
[6888366.281661] ceph_con_workfn+0x329/0x680 [libceph]
```

After analyzing the coredump file, we found that the address of
dc->sb_bio has been freed. We know that cached_dev is only freed when it
is stopped.

Since sb_bio is a part of struct cached_dev, rather than an alloc every
time. If the device is stopped while writing to the superblock, the
released address will be accessed at endio.

This patch hopes to wait for sb_write to complete in cached_dev_free.

It should be noted that we analyzed the cause of the problem, then tell
all details to the QWEN and adopted the modifications it made.

🤖 AI Executive Summary

A use-after-free vulnerability in the Linux kernel's bcache subsystem allows a crash when a cached device is stopped while superblock write operations are in progress. The vulnerability occurs because the sb_bio structure is freed as part of cached_dev deallocation while still being accessed by pending I/O completion handlers. This affects systems using bcache for caching, particularly in high-performance storage environments common in Saudi data centers and cloud infrastructure.

📄 Description (Arabic)

🤖 AI Intelligence Analysis Analyzed: Apr 29, 2026 08:48
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia Impact Assessment
This vulnerability primarily impacts Saudi organizations operating high-performance storage infrastructure: (1) ARAMCO and energy sector data centers using bcache for storage optimization; (2) Saudi Telecom (STC) and other telecom providers managing large-scale storage systems; (3) Government agencies and NCA infrastructure relying on Linux-based storage solutions; (4) Banking sector institutions (SAMA-regulated) using Linux servers for transaction processing and data storage; (5) Cloud service providers offering IaaS solutions to Saudi enterprises. System crashes in production environments can lead to service disruptions, data loss, and compliance violations under SAMA CSF and NCA ECC frameworks.
🏢 Affected Saudi Sectors
Energy (ARAMCO, oil & gas operations) Telecommunications (STC, Mobily, Zain) Banking and Financial Services (SAMA-regulated) Government and Public Administration (NCA oversight) Cloud Service Providers Data Centers and Hosting Providers Healthcare Systems
⚖️ Saudi Risk Score (AI)
7.2
/ 10.0
🔧 Remediation Steps (English)
Immediate Actions:
1. Identify all systems running Linux kernel versions affected by bcache use-after-free vulnerability
2. Prioritize production storage systems, particularly those handling critical data
3. Review bcache configuration and disable if not essential to operations

Patching Guidance:
1. Apply the latest Linux kernel patch that includes the fix for cached_dev.sb_bio use-after-free
2. Ensure the patch includes proper synchronization in cached_dev_free() to wait for sb_write completion
3. Test patches in non-production environments before deployment
4. Schedule maintenance windows for kernel updates on production systems

Compensating Controls (if immediate patching not possible):
1. Implement monitoring for bcache-related kernel panics and crashes
2. Configure automatic system restart on kernel panic to minimize downtime
3. Disable bcache on non-critical systems until patches are applied
4. Increase monitoring frequency for storage I/O operations

Detection Rules:
1. Monitor kernel logs for bcache-related use-after-free errors and NULL pointer dereferences
2. Alert on unexpected kernel panics involving blk_update_request or rbd modules
3. Track cached_dev allocation and deallocation events
4. Monitor for abnormal I/O completion handler failures
🔧 خطوات المعالجة (العربية)
الإجراءات الفورية:
1. تحديد جميع الأنظمة التي تعمل بإصدارات نواة Linux المتأثرة بثغرة bcache
2. إعطاء الأولوية لأنظمة التخزين الإنتاجية، خاصة تلك التي تتعامل مع البيانات الحرجة
3. مراجعة إعدادات bcache وتعطيلها إذا لم تكن ضرورية للعمليات

إرشادات التصحيح:
1. تطبيق أحدث تصحيح نواة Linux يتضمن إصلاح ثغرة use-after-free في cached_dev.sb_bio
2. التأكد من أن التصحيح يتضمن المزامنة الصحيحة في cached_dev_free() للانتظار لإكمال sb_write
3. اختبار التصحيحات في بيئات غير الإنتاج قبل النشر
4. جدولة نوافذ الصيانة لتحديثات النواة على الأنظمة الإنتاجية

الضوابط البديلة (إذا لم يكن التصحيح الفوري ممكناً):
1. تنفيذ المراقبة لأعطال النواة المتعلقة بـ bcache والأعطال
2. تكوين إعادة تشغيل النظام التلقائية عند حدوث panic في النواة
3. تعطيل bcache على الأنظمة غير الحرجة حتى يتم تطبيق التصحيحات
4. زيادة تكرار المراقبة لعمليات I/O للتخزين

قواعد الكشف:
1. مراقبة سجلات النواة لأخطاء use-after-free المتعلقة بـ bcache والمؤشرات الفارغة
2. التنبيه على حالات panic غير المتوقعة في النواة التي تتضمن blk_update_request أو وحدات rbd
3. تتبع أحداث تخصيص وتحرير cached_dev
4. مراقبة أعطال معالجات إكمال I/O غير الطبيعية
📋 Regulatory Compliance Mapping
🟢 NCA ECC 2024
ECC 2024 A.12.6.1 - Management of technical vulnerabilities in systems ECC 2024 A.12.2.1 - System hardening and patch management ECC 2024 A.12.1.2 - Change management procedures for system updates
🔵 SAMA CSF
ID.RA-1 - Asset management and vulnerability identification PR.IP-12 - System and information integrity monitoring DE.CM-8 - Vulnerability scans and patch management
🟡 ISO 27001:2022
A.12.6.1 - Management of technical vulnerabilities A.14.2.1 - Change management procedures A.12.2.1 - Installation of software on operational systems
🟣 PCI DSS v4.0.1
Requirement 6.2 - Security patches and updates Requirement 11.2 - Vulnerability scanning
📦 Affected Products / CPE 5 entries
linux:linux_kernel
linux:linux_kernel
linux:linux_kernel
linux:linux_kernel
linux:linux_kernel
📊 CVSS Score
7.8
/ 10.0 — High
📊 CVSS Vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Attack VectorL — Low / Local
Attack ComplexityL — Low / Local
Privileges RequiredL — Low / Local
User InteractionN — None / Network
ScopeU — Unchanged
ConfidentialityH — High
IntegrityH — High
AvailabilityH — High
📋 Quick Facts
Severity High
CVSS Score7.8
CWECWE-416
EPSS0.01%
Exploit No
Patch ✓ Yes
Published 2026-04-24
Source Feed nvd
🇸🇦 Saudi Risk Score
7.2
/ 10.0 — Saudi Risk
Priority: HIGH
🏷️ Tags
patch-available CWE-416
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