📄 Description (English)
An OS Command Injection vulnerability in the CLI processing of Juniper Networks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved allows a local, high-privileged attacker executing specific, crafted CLI commands to inject arbitrary shell commands as root, leading to a complete compromise of the system.
Certain 'set system' commands, when executed with crafted arguments, are not properly sanitized, allowing for arbitrary shell injection. These shell commands are executed as root, potentially allowing for complete control of the vulnerable system.
This issue affects:
Junos OS:
* all versions before 22.4R3-S8,
* from 23.2 before 23.2R2-S5,
* from 23.4 before 23.4R2-S7,
* from 24.2 before 24.2R2-S2,
* from 24.4 before 24.4R2,
* from 25.2 before 25.2R2;
Junos OS Evolved:
* all versions before 22.4R3-S8-EVO,
* from 23.2 before 23.2R2-S5-EVO,
* from 23.4 before 23.4R2-S7-EVO,
* from 24.2 before 24.2R2-S2-EVO,
* from 24.4 before 24.4R2-EVO,
* from 25.2 before 25.2R1-S1-EVO, 25.2R2-EVO.
🤖 AI Executive Summary
A critical OS command injection vulnerability in Juniper Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved allows local high-privileged attackers to execute arbitrary shell commands as root through crafted 'set system' CLI commands. This vulnerability affects multiple versions across all major release branches and could lead to complete system compromise. While no public exploit is currently available, the attack requires local access with elevated privileges, making it a significant risk for organizations managing Juniper network infrastructure.
📄 Description (Arabic)
🤖 AI Intelligence Analysis Analyzed: May 10, 2026 19:26
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia Impact Assessment
Saudi organizations operating Juniper network infrastructure face significant risk, particularly in: (1) Banking sector (SAMA-regulated institutions) relying on Juniper devices for network segmentation and security; (2) Government entities (NCA oversight) using Juniper equipment for critical infrastructure; (3) Telecommunications providers (STC, Mobily) with extensive Juniper deployments; (4) Energy sector (Saudi Aramco, SEC) utilizing Juniper for OT/IT network separation; (5) Healthcare institutions managing patient data networks. The vulnerability's requirement for local high-privileged access limits immediate risk but poses severe insider threat and lateral movement risks post-compromise. Organizations with inadequate privileged access management (PAM) controls are at heightened risk.
🏢 Affected Saudi Sectors
Banking and Financial Services
Government and Public Administration
Telecommunications
Energy and Utilities
Healthcare
Critical Infrastructure
🎯 MITRE ATT&CK Techniques
T1059 - Command and Scripting Interpreter (shell command injection)
T1548 - Abuse Elevation Control Mechanism (root privilege execution)
T1078 - Valid Accounts (requires high-privilege local account)
T1083 - File and Directory Discovery (post-exploitation)
T1087 - Account Discovery (post-exploitation)
T1098 - Account Manipulation (potential privilege escalation)
T1197 - BITS Jobs (potential persistence mechanism)
T1543 - Create or Modify System Process (potential persistence)
⚖️ Saudi Risk Score (AI)
7.8
/ 10.0
🔧 Remediation Steps (English)
IMMEDIATE ACTIONS:
1. Inventory all Juniper Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved devices in your environment and document current versions
2. Restrict CLI access to 'set system' commands to only essential personnel with documented business justification
3. Implement strict privileged access management (PAM) controls limiting who can execute high-privilege CLI commands
4. Enable comprehensive CLI command logging and audit trails for all 'set system' commands
5. Monitor for suspicious 'set system' command patterns in logs
PATCHING GUIDANCE:
1. Prioritize patching in this order: (a) Junos OS versions before 22.4R3-S8, (b) 23.2 before 23.2R2-S5, (c) 23.4 before 23.4R2-S7, (d) 24.2 before 24.2R2-S2, (e) 24.4 before 24.4R2, (f) 25.2 before 25.2R2
2. Apply equivalent patches for Junos OS Evolved versions
3. Test patches in non-production environment first
4. Schedule maintenance windows for patching critical devices
COMPENSATING CONTROLS (if patching delayed):
1. Implement network-based access controls restricting CLI access to authorized management networks only
2. Deploy intrusion detection signatures for command injection patterns in 'set system' commands
3. Implement role-based access control (RBAC) limiting 'set system' command execution to specific roles
4. Use configuration management tools to prevent unauthorized CLI command execution
5. Implement real-time alerting on any 'set system' command execution
DETECTION RULES:
1. Alert on 'set system' commands containing shell metacharacters (|, ;, &, $, `, >, <, newlines)
2. Monitor for 'set system' commands with unusual argument lengths or patterns
3. Track failed 'set system' command attempts followed by successful execution
4. Alert on 'set system' commands executed outside normal maintenance windows
5. Monitor for privilege escalation attempts following 'set system' command execution
🔧 خطوات المعالجة (العربية)
الإجراءات الفورية:
1. قم بحصر جميع أجهزة Juniper Junos OS و Junos OS Evolved في بيئتك وتوثيق الإصدارات الحالية
2. قيد الوصول إلى أوامر 'set system' على الموظفين الأساسيين فقط مع توثيق تبرير العمل
3. تطبيق ضوابط إدارة الوصول المميز (PAM) الصارمة التي تحد من يمكنه تنفيذ أوامر CLI عالية الامتياز
4. تفعيل تسجيل أوامر CLI الشامل ومسارات التدقيق لجميع أوامر 'set system'
5. مراقبة أنماط أوامر 'set system' المريبة في السجلات
إرشادات التصحيح:
1. أولويات التصحيح: (أ) إصدارات Junos OS قبل 22.4R3-S8، (ب) 23.2 قبل 23.2R2-S5، (ج) 23.4 قبل 23.4R2-S7، (د) 24.2 قبل 24.2R2-S2، (هـ) 24.4 قبل 24.4R2، (و) 25.2 قبل 25.2R2
2. تطبيق التصحيحات المكافئة لإصدارات Junos OS Evolved
3. اختبار التصحيحات في بيئة غير الإنتاج أولاً
4. جدولة نوافذ الصيانة لتصحيح الأجهزة الحرجة
الضوابط البديلة (إذا تأخر التصحيح):
1. تطبيق ضوابط الوصول المستندة إلى الشبكة التي تقيد وصول CLI إلى شبكات الإدارة المصرح بها فقط
2. نشر توقيعات كشف الاختراق لأنماط حقن الأوامر في أوامر 'set system'
3. تطبيق التحكم في الوصول المستند إلى الأدوار (RBAC) الذي يحد من تنفيذ أوامر 'set system' إلى أدوار محددة
4. استخدام أدوات إدارة التكوين لمنع تنفيذ أوامر CLI غير المصرح بها
5. تطبيق التنبيهات في الوقت الفعلي على أي تنفيذ أوامر 'set system'
قواعد الكشف:
1. تنبيه على أوامر 'set system' التي تحتوي على أحرف shell خاصة (|، ;، &، $، `، >، <، أسطر جديدة)
2. مراقبة أوامر 'set system' بأطوال أو أنماط حجج غير عادية
3. تتبع محاولات أوامر 'set system' الفاشلة متبوعة بالتنفيذ الناجح
4. تنبيه على أوامر 'set system' المنفذة خارج نوافذ الصيانة العادية
5. مراقبة محاولات تصعيد الامتيازات بعد تنفيذ أوامر 'set system'
📋 Regulatory Compliance Mapping
🟢 NCA ECC 2024
ECC 2024 A.5.1.1 - Access Control Policies (restricting CLI access)
ECC 2024 A.8.1.1 - User Endpoint Devices (securing management interfaces)
ECC 2024 A.8.2.1 - Privileged Access Rights (PAM implementation)
ECC 2024 A.8.3.1 - Access Restriction and Authentication (multi-factor for privileged access)
ECC 2024 A.12.4.1 - Event Logging (comprehensive CLI audit trails)
ECC 2024 A.12.4.3 - Protection of Log Information (secure log storage)
🔵 SAMA CSF
SAMA CSF ID.AM-2 - Asset Management (inventory Juniper devices)
SAMA CSF PR.AC-1 - Access Control Policy (restrict 'set system' commands)
SAMA CSF PR.AC-3 - Access Enforcement (implement RBAC)
SAMA CSF PR.AC-4 - Access Management (PAM controls)
SAMA CSF DE.CM-1 - Detection Processes (monitor CLI commands)
SAMA CSF DE.AE-1 - Anomalies and Events (alert on suspicious patterns)
🟡 ISO 27001:2022
ISO 27001:2022 A.5.2 - Information Security Policies (access control policy)
ISO 27001:2022 A.6.2 - Internal Organization (segregation of duties)
ISO 27001:2022 A.8.1 - User Registration and De-registration (access provisioning)
ISO 27001:2022 A.8.2 - User Access Provisioning (privileged access management)
ISO 27001:2022 A.8.3 - Access Rights Review (periodic access reviews)
ISO 27001:2022 A.8.4 - Access Rights Removal (timely revocation)
ISO 27001:2022 A.8.5 - Authentication (strong authentication for privileged access)
ISO 27001:2022 A.12.4 - Logging (comprehensive audit logging)
🔗 References & Sources 1