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Vulnerabilities

CVE-2026-40370

High
CWE-73 — Weakness Type
Published: May 12, 2026  ·  Modified: May 19, 2026  ·  Source: NVD
CVSS v3
8.8
🔗 NVD Official
📄 Description (English)

External control of file name or path in SQL Server allows an authorized attacker to execute code over a network.

🤖 AI Executive Summary

CVE-2026-40370 is a high-severity vulnerability (CVSS 8.8) in SQL Server allowing authorized attackers to execute arbitrary code through external control of file names or paths. This path traversal vulnerability poses significant risk to organizations relying on SQL Server for critical data management. Immediate mitigation through access controls and network segmentation is essential until patches become available.

📄 Description (Arabic)

🤖 AI Intelligence Analysis Analyzed: May 18, 2026 20:36
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia Impact Assessment
This vulnerability critically impacts Saudi banking sector (SAMA-regulated institutions), government agencies (NCA oversight), healthcare providers (MOH systems), and energy sector (ARAMCO operations). SQL Server is widely deployed across Saudi enterprises for ERP, CRM, and financial systems. Compromised SQL Server instances could lead to unauthorized data access, financial fraud, and operational disruption. Telecom operators (STC, Mobily) managing customer databases are also at significant risk.
🏢 Affected Saudi Sectors
Banking and Financial Services Government and Public Administration Healthcare Energy and Utilities Telecommunications Manufacturing Retail and E-commerce
⚖️ Saudi Risk Score (AI)
8.2
/ 10.0
🔧 Remediation Steps (English)
IMMEDIATE ACTIONS:
1. Audit all SQL Server instances and identify those accessible to authorized users over network
2. Implement strict input validation and sanitization for all file path parameters
3. Restrict file system access permissions for SQL Server service accounts to minimum required
4. Disable xp_cmdshell and other dangerous extended stored procedures
5. Implement network segmentation to limit SQL Server accessibility
6. Enable SQL Server audit logging for file operations and failed access attempts
7. Monitor for suspicious file path patterns in SQL Server logs

COMPENSATING CONTROLS:
- Implement application-level path validation before passing to SQL Server
- Use parameterized queries and stored procedures with restricted permissions
- Deploy Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules to detect path traversal attempts
- Enforce multi-factor authentication for SQL Server administrative access
- Implement database activity monitoring (DAM) solutions

DETECTION RULES:
- Alert on xp_cmdshell execution attempts
- Monitor for file operations with suspicious path patterns (../, ..\ sequences)
- Track failed login attempts followed by file access operations
- Monitor for unusual stored procedure executions from network connections
🔧 خطوات المعالجة (العربية)
الإجراءات الفورية:
1. تدقيق جميع مثيلات SQL Server وتحديد تلك التي يمكن الوصول إليها من قبل المستخدمين المصرحين عبر الشبكة
2. تطبيق التحقق الصارم من صحة المدخلات وتنظيفها لجميع معاملات مسار الملف
3. تقييد أذونات الوصول إلى نظام الملفات لحسابات خدمة SQL Server إلى الحد الأدنى المطلوب
4. تعطيل xp_cmdshell والإجراءات المخزنة الموسعة الخطرة الأخرى
5. تطبيق فصل الشبكة لتحديد إمكانية الوصول إلى SQL Server
6. تفعيل تسجيل تدقيق SQL Server لعمليات الملفات ومحاولات الوصول الفاشلة
7. مراقبة أنماط مسارات الملفات المريبة في سجلات SQL Server

الضوابط البديلة:
- تطبيق التحقق من صحة المسار على مستوى التطبيق قبل تمريره إلى SQL Server
- استخدام الاستعلامات المعاملة والإجراءات المخزنة ذات الأذونات المقيدة
- نشر قواعد جدار حماية تطبيقات الويب (WAF) للكشف عن محاولات اجتياز المسار
- فرض المصادقة متعددة العوامل لوصول SQL Server الإداري
- تطبيق حلول مراقبة نشاط قاعدة البيانات (DAM)

قواعد الكشف:
- تنبيهات محاولات تنفيذ xp_cmdshell
- مراقبة عمليات الملفات بأنماط مسار مريبة (تسلسلات ../ و..\)
- تتبع محاولات تسجيل الدخول الفاشلة متبوعة بعمليات الوصول إلى الملفات
- مراقبة تنفيذ الإجراءات المخزنة غير العادية من اتصالات الشبكة
📋 Regulatory Compliance Mapping
🟢 NCA ECC 2024
ECC 2024 A.5.1.1 - Access Control Policies ECC 2024 A.5.2.1 - User Registration and Access Rights ECC 2024 A.5.3.1 - Password Management ECC 2024 A.8.1.1 - Audit Logging ECC 2024 A.8.2.1 - Protection of Log Information
🔵 SAMA CSF
SAMA CSF ID.AC-1 - Access Control Policy SAMA CSF ID.AC-3 - Access Enforcement SAMA CSF DE.AE-1 - Audit Logging SAMA CSF DE.AE-3 - Detect Unauthorized Access SAMA CSF RS.MI-2 - Incident Containment
🟡 ISO 27001:2022
ISO 27001:2022 A.5.3 - Segregation of Duties ISO 27001:2022 A.8.1 - User Endpoint Devices ISO 27001:2022 A.8.2 - Privileged Access Rights ISO 27001:2022 A.8.3 - Information Access Restriction ISO 27001:2022 A.12.4 - Logging
🟣 PCI DSS v4.0.1
PCI DSS 2.1 - Default Passwords PCI DSS 6.2 - Security Patches PCI DSS 7.1 - Access Control PCI DSS 10.2 - Audit Logging
📊 CVSS Score
8.8
/ 10.0 — High
📊 CVSS Vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Attack VectorN — None / Network
Attack ComplexityL — Low / Local
Privileges RequiredL — Low / Local
User InteractionN — None / Network
ScopeU — Unchanged
ConfidentialityH — High
IntegrityH — High
AvailabilityH — High
📋 Quick Facts
Severity High
CVSS Score8.8
CWECWE-73
EPSS0.07%
Exploit No
Patch ✗ No
Published 2026-05-12
Source Feed nvd
🇸🇦 Saudi Risk Score
8.2
/ 10.0 — Saudi Risk
Priority: HIGH
🏷️ Tags
CWE-73
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