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Vulnerabilities

CVE-2026-40406

High
CWE-416 — Weakness Type
Published: May 12, 2026  ·  Modified: May 19, 2026  ·  Source: NVD
CVSS v3
7.5
🔗 NVD Official
📄 Description (English)

Use after free in Windows TCP/IP allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network.

🤖 AI Executive Summary

CVE-2026-40406 is a use-after-free vulnerability in Windows TCP/IP stack affecting multiple Windows 10 versions, allowing remote attackers to disclose sensitive information over the network without authentication. With a CVSS score of 7.5 and no patch currently available, this poses an immediate risk to Saudi organizations relying on Windows infrastructure. The vulnerability requires network access but no user interaction, making it exploitable in enterprise environments across the Kingdom.

📄 Description (Arabic)

🤖 AI Intelligence Analysis Analyzed: May 19, 2026 06:19
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia Impact Assessment
This vulnerability poses significant risk to Saudi banking sector (SAMA-regulated institutions), government agencies (NCA oversight), healthcare providers, and energy sector organizations (ARAMCO, downstream operators). Windows 10 endpoints are ubiquitous across Saudi enterprises, making information disclosure attacks particularly damaging for organizations handling sensitive financial data, citizen records, and critical infrastructure communications. Telecom operators (STC, Mobily, Zain) managing network infrastructure are also at elevated risk. The lack of available patch creates extended exposure window for Saudi organizations.
🏢 Affected Saudi Sectors
Banking and Financial Services Government and Public Administration Healthcare and Medical Services Energy and Utilities Telecommunications Critical Infrastructure Education Manufacturing
⚖️ Saudi Risk Score (AI)
8.2
/ 10.0
🔧 Remediation Steps (English)
IMMEDIATE ACTIONS:
1. Inventory all Windows 10 systems (versions 1607, 1809, 21H2, 22H2) across your organization and document network-exposed endpoints
2. Implement network segmentation to isolate critical systems and limit TCP/IP exposure
3. Deploy enhanced network monitoring for suspicious TCP/IP traffic patterns
4. Restrict network access to affected systems using firewall rules and access control lists

COMPENSATING CONTROLS (until patch available):
5. Disable unnecessary network services and close unused TCP/UDP ports
6. Implement rate limiting on TCP/IP connections to reduce exploitation window
7. Deploy intrusion detection/prevention systems (IDS/IPS) with signatures for TCP/IP memory corruption attempts
8. Enable Windows Defender Exploit Guard and Attack Surface Reduction rules
9. Implement network-based detection for abnormal TCP/IP behavior and memory access patterns

DETECTION RULES:
- Monitor for unexpected TCP/IP stack errors in Event Viewer (System logs, Event ID 4625, 4688)
- Alert on unusual network traffic from Windows 10 systems with malformed TCP/IP packets
- Track memory access violations in kernel-mode TCP/IP driver (tcpip.sys)
- Monitor for information disclosure attempts via network sniffing tools

PATCHING STRATEGY:
10. Subscribe to Microsoft Security Updates and apply KB patches immediately upon release
11. Prioritize patching for systems in banking, government, and critical infrastructure sectors
12. Test patches in isolated lab environment before enterprise deployment
🔧 خطوات المعالجة (العربية)
الإجراءات الفورية:
1. قم بحصر جميع أنظمة Windows 10 (الإصدارات 1607 و 1809 و 21H2 و 22H2) عبر مؤسستك وتوثيق نقاط النهاية المكشوفة للشبكة
2. تنفيذ تقسيم الشبكة لعزل الأنظمة الحرجة وتحديد تعرض TCP/IP
3. نشر مراقبة شبكة محسّنة لأنماط حركة TCP/IP المريبة
4. تقييد الوصول إلى الشبكة للأنظمة المتأثرة باستخدام قواعد جدار الحماية وقوائم التحكم في الوصول

الضوابط البديلة (حتى توفر التصحيح):
5. تعطيل الخدمات الشبكية غير الضرورية وإغلاق منافذ TCP/UDP غير المستخدمة
6. تنفيذ تحديد معدل على اتصالات TCP/IP لتقليل نافذة الاستغلال
7. نشر أنظمة كشف/منع الاختراق (IDS/IPS) مع توقيعات لمحاولات تلف ذاكرة TCP/IP
8. تفعيل Windows Defender Exploit Guard وقواعد تقليل سطح الهجوم
9. تنفيذ الكشف القائم على الشبكة للسلوك غير الطبيعي في TCP/IP وأنماط الوصول إلى الذاكرة

قواعد الكشف:
- مراقبة أخطاء TCP/IP غير المتوقعة في Event Viewer (سجلات النظام، معرّف الحدث 4625 و 4688)
- تنبيهات حركة الشبكة غير العادية من أنظمة Windows 10 مع حزم TCP/IP مشوهة
- تتبع انتهاكات الوصول إلى الذاكرة في برنامج تشغيل TCP/IP في وضع kernel (tcpip.sys)
- مراقبة محاولات الكشف عن المعلومات عبر أدوات التقاط الشبكة

استراتيجية التصحيح:
10. الاشتراك في تحديثات أمان Microsoft وتطبيق تصحيحات KB فور إصدارها
11. إعطاء الأولوية لتصحيح الأنظمة في قطاعات البنوك والحكومة والبنية التحتية الحرجة
12. اختبار التصحيحات في بيئة معملية معزولة قبل نشرها على مستوى المؤسسة
📋 Regulatory Compliance Mapping
🟢 NCA ECC 2024
ECC 2024 A.12.6.1 - Management of technical vulnerabilities ECC 2024 A.12.2.1 - Change management procedures ECC 2024 A.14.2.1 - Secure development policy ECC 2024 A.12.3.1 - Segregation of networks
🔵 SAMA CSF
SAMA CSF ID.RA-1 - Asset management and vulnerability identification SAMA CSF PR.IP-12 - System and information integrity SAMA CSF DE.CM-8 - Vulnerability scans SAMA CSF RS.MI-2 - Incident response and recovery
🟡 ISO 27001:2022
ISO 27001:2022 A.12.3.1 - Segregation of networks ISO 27001:2022 A.12.6.1 - Management of technical vulnerabilities ISO 27001:2022 A.14.2.1 - Secure development policy ISO 27001:2022 A.8.1.1 - Inventory of assets
🟣 PCI DSS v4.0.1
PCI DSS 6.2 - Security patches and updates PCI DSS 11.2 - Vulnerability scanning PCI DSS 1.1 - Firewall configuration standards
📦 Affected Products / CPE 25 entries
microsoft:windows_10_1607
microsoft:windows_10_1607
microsoft:windows_10_1809
microsoft:windows_10_1809
microsoft:windows_10_21h2
microsoft:windows_10_21h2
microsoft:windows_10_21h2
microsoft:windows_10_22h2
microsoft:windows_10_22h2
microsoft:windows_10_22h2
microsoft:windows_11_23h2
microsoft:windows_11_23h2
microsoft:windows_11_24h2
microsoft:windows_11_24h2
microsoft:windows_11_25h2
microsoft:windows_11_25h2
microsoft:windows_11_26h1
microsoft:windows_11_26h1
microsoft:windows_server_2012:-
microsoft:windows_server_2012:r2
microsoft:windows_server_2016
microsoft:windows_server_2019
microsoft:windows_server_2022
microsoft:windows_server_2022_23h2
microsoft:windows_server_2025
📊 CVSS Score
7.5
/ 10.0 — High
📊 CVSS Vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Attack VectorN — None / Network
Attack ComplexityL — Low / Local
Privileges RequiredN — None / Network
User InteractionN — None / Network
ScopeU — Unchanged
ConfidentialityH — High
IntegrityN — None / Network
AvailabilityN — None / Network
📋 Quick Facts
Severity High
CVSS Score7.5
CWECWE-416
EPSS0.08%
Exploit No
Patch ✗ No
Published 2026-05-12
Source Feed nvd
🇸🇦 Saudi Risk Score
8.2
/ 10.0 — Saudi Risk
Priority: CRITICAL
🏷️ Tags
CWE-416
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