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Vulnerabilities

CVE-2026-45036

High
CWE-78 — Weakness Type
Published: May 15, 2026  ·  Modified: May 22, 2026  ·  Source: NVD
CVSS v3
7.0
🔗 NVD Official
📄 Description (English)

Tabby (formerly Terminus) is a highly configurable terminal emulator. Prior to 1.0.233, Tabby before 1.0.233 automatically confirms ZMODEM protocol detection on all terminal session output without user interaction, enabling shell command execution when a user displays attacker-controlled content. The ZModemMiddleware in tabby-terminal consumes all session output through a Zmodem.Sentry, and when a ZMODEM ZRQINIT header is detected, unconditionally calls detection.confirm() and writes a fixed ZRINIT response ( **\x18B0100000023be50\r\n\x11) back into the active PTY as input. When the process that triggered the detection (e.g., cat) exits, the injected bytes are consumed by the user's shell as a command line. Under fish (default configuration), the ** prefix triggers recursive glob expansion against the current directory, allowing an attacker-placed executable at a matching nested path (e.g., d/xB0100000023be50) to be executed by relative pathname without relying on PATH. Under bash and zsh, a secondary xterm.js terminal color-query feedback (OSC 10) can be combined in the same file to inject a slash-containing command word that similarly bypasses PATH resolution. An attacker can exploit this by providing a crafted file (e.g., in a cloned Git repository) that a user displays with cat, achieving code execution with no interaction beyond viewing the file. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.0.233.

🤖 AI Executive Summary

Tabby terminal emulator versions before 1.0.233 contain a critical command injection vulnerability in ZMODEM protocol handling that automatically confirms file transfers without user interaction. When users display attacker-controlled content (e.g., via cat command), malicious ZMODEM headers trigger automatic shell command execution with no additional user action required. This vulnerability is particularly dangerous in development environments where developers frequently view untrusted files from repositories or shared sources.

📄 Description (Arabic)

🤖 AI Intelligence Analysis Analyzed: May 21, 2026 09:48
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia Impact Assessment
This vulnerability poses significant risk to Saudi technology sector organizations, particularly: (1) Government IT departments and NCA-regulated entities using Tabby for system administration and development; (2) ARAMCO and energy sector engineers who frequently work with terminal-based tools and may clone repositories; (3) Banking and financial institutions (SAMA-regulated) where developers use Tabby for secure system access; (4) Telecommunications companies (STC, Mobily) with development teams; (5) Academic and research institutions. The attack vector is particularly effective in Saudi organizations with collaborative development practices using Git repositories, as developers commonly view file contents before execution.
🏢 Affected Saudi Sectors
Government and Public Administration Banking and Financial Services Energy and Utilities (ARAMCO) Telecommunications (STC, Mobily) Healthcare Education and Research Technology and Software Development Defense and Security
⚖️ Saudi Risk Score (AI)
8.2
/ 10.0
🔧 Remediation Steps (English)
IMMEDIATE ACTIONS:
1. Upgrade Tabby to version 1.0.233 or later immediately when available
2. Until patch is available, disable ZMODEM protocol support in Tabby configuration or use alternative terminal emulators (GNOME Terminal, Konsole, iTerm2)
3. Educate users to avoid displaying untrusted file content directly in Tabby terminal
4. Implement file review procedures before cloning or displaying repository contents

COMPENSATING CONTROLS (if upgrade delayed):
5. Restrict Tabby usage to trusted internal networks only
6. Implement application whitelisting to prevent execution of unexpected binaries
7. Use shell configuration to disable recursive glob expansion: set -o noglob in bash/zsh, or disable glob expansion in fish
8. Monitor for suspicious ZMODEM protocol activity in terminal logs
9. Implement file integrity monitoring on development directories

DETECTION RULES:
10. Monitor for ZMODEM ZRQINIT headers (0x18B01) in terminal session logs
11. Alert on unexpected command execution following file display operations
12. Track execution of binaries from nested relative paths without PATH resolution
13. Monitor for OSC 10 color-query sequences in terminal output
🔧 خطوات المعالجة (العربية)
الإجراءات الفورية:
1. قم بترقية Tabby إلى الإصدار 1.0.233 أو أحدث فوراً عند توفره
2. حتى يتوفر التصحيح، قم بتعطيل دعم بروتوكول ZMODEM في إعدادات Tabby أو استخدم محاكيات طرفية بديلة
3. قم بتثقيف المستخدمين لتجنب عرض محتوى الملفات غير الموثوقة مباشرة في طرفية Tabby
4. تنفيذ إجراءات مراجعة الملفات قبل استنساخ أو عرض محتويات المستودع

الضوابط التعويضية (إذا تأخر التحديث):
5. تقييد استخدام Tabby للشبكات الداخلية الموثوقة فقط
6. تنفيذ قائمة بيضاء للتطبيقات لمنع تنفيذ الملفات الثنائية غير المتوقعة
7. استخدام إعدادات shell لتعطيل التوسع العام العودي
8. مراقبة نشاط بروتوكول ZMODEM المريب في سجلات الطرفية
9. تنفيذ مراقبة سلامة الملفات في أدلة التطوير

قواعد الكشف:
10. مراقبة رؤوس ZMODEM ZRQINIT في سجلات جلسات الطرفية
11. تنبيه عند تنفيذ أوامر غير متوقعة بعد عمليات عرض الملفات
12. تتبع تنفيذ الملفات الثنائية من مسارات نسبية متداخلة
13. مراقبة تسلسلات استعلام اللون OSC 10 في مخرجات الطرفية
📋 Regulatory Compliance Mapping
🟢 NCA ECC 2024
ECC 2024 A.5.1.1 - Information security policies and procedures ECC 2024 A.5.2.1 - User access management and authentication ECC 2024 A.5.3.1 - Cryptography and secure communications ECC 2024 A.5.4.1 - Physical and environmental security ECC 2024 A.6.1.1 - Asset management and inventory ECC 2024 A.6.2.1 - Software and firmware management
🔵 SAMA CSF
SAMA CSF 1.0 - Governance and Risk Management SAMA CSF 2.0 - Information and Asset Management SAMA CSF 3.0 - Access Control and Authentication SAMA CSF 4.0 - Detection and Response SAMA CSF 5.0 - Resilience and Recovery
🟡 ISO 27001:2022
ISO 27001:2022 A.5.1 - Policies for information security ISO 27001:2022 A.5.2 - Information security roles and responsibilities ISO 27001:2022 A.5.3 - Segregation of duties ISO 27001:2022 A.6.1 - Screening ISO 27001:2022 A.8.1 - User endpoint devices ISO 27001:2022 A.8.2 - Privileged access rights ISO 27001:2022 A.8.3 - Information access restriction ISO 27001:2022 A.8.6 - Access control for development, test and production environments
🟣 PCI DSS v4.0.1
PCI DSS 3.2.1 - Strong cryptography and security protocols PCI DSS 6.2 - Security patches and updates PCI DSS 6.4.6 - Public-facing web applications security PCI DSS 7.1 - Limit access to system components by business need to know
📦 Affected Products / CPE 1 entries
tabby:tabby
📊 CVSS Score
7.0
/ 10.0 — High
📊 CVSS Vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Attack VectorL — Low / Local
Attack ComplexityH — High
Privileges RequiredN — None / Network
User InteractionR — Required
ScopeU — Unchanged
ConfidentialityH — High
IntegrityH — High
AvailabilityH — High
📋 Quick Facts
Severity High
CVSS Score7.0
CWECWE-78
EPSS0.02%
Exploit No
Patch ✗ No
Published 2026-05-15
Source Feed nvd
Views 1
🇸🇦 Saudi Risk Score
8.2
/ 10.0 — Saudi Risk
Priority: CRITICAL
🏷️ Tags
CWE-78
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