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Global phishing Cross-sector HIGH 4h Global vulnerability Enterprise Software / ERP Systems CRITICAL 23m Global vulnerability IT Infrastructure CRITICAL 1h Global vulnerability Technology and Software Development HIGH 2h Global vulnerability Enterprise IT and Government CRITICAL 2h Global ransomware Multiple Sectors / Enterprise CRITICAL 3h Global general Technology and Legal MEDIUM 3h Global ransomware Financial Services / Cryptocurrency CRITICAL 4h Global general Industrial Control Systems / Operational Technology HIGH 5h Global apt Managed Service Providers (MSPs) / IT Services HIGH 6h Global phishing Cross-sector HIGH 4h Global vulnerability Enterprise Software / ERP Systems CRITICAL 23m Global vulnerability IT Infrastructure CRITICAL 1h Global vulnerability Technology and Software Development HIGH 2h Global vulnerability Enterprise IT and Government CRITICAL 2h Global ransomware Multiple Sectors / Enterprise CRITICAL 3h Global general Technology and Legal MEDIUM 3h Global ransomware Financial Services / Cryptocurrency CRITICAL 4h Global general Industrial Control Systems / Operational Technology HIGH 5h Global apt Managed Service Providers (MSPs) / IT Services HIGH 6h Global phishing Cross-sector HIGH 4h Global vulnerability Enterprise Software / ERP Systems CRITICAL 23m Global vulnerability IT Infrastructure CRITICAL 1h Global vulnerability Technology and Software Development HIGH 2h Global vulnerability Enterprise IT and Government CRITICAL 2h Global ransomware Multiple Sectors / Enterprise CRITICAL 3h Global general Technology and Legal MEDIUM 3h Global ransomware Financial Services / Cryptocurrency CRITICAL 4h Global general Industrial Control Systems / Operational Technology HIGH 5h Global apt Managed Service Providers (MSPs) / IT Services HIGH 6h
Vulnerabilities

CVE-2026-46356

High
CWE-290 — Weakness Type
Published: May 14, 2026  ·  Modified: May 21, 2026  ·  Source: NVD
CVSS v3
7.5
🔗 NVD Official
📄 Description (English)

Fleet is open source device management software. Prior to version 4.80.1, a vulnerability in Fleet's IP extraction logic allows unauthenticated attackers to bypass API rate limiting by spoofing client IP headers. This may allow brute-force login attempts or other abuse against Fleet instances exposed to the public internet. Fleet extracted client IP addresses from request headers (`True-Client-IP`, `X-Real-IP`, `X-Forwarded-For`) without validating that those headers originate from a trusted proxy. The extracted IP is used as the key for rate limiting and IP ban decisions. As a result, an attacker could rotate the value of these headers on each request, causing Fleet to treat each attempt as coming from a different client. This effectively bypasses per-IP rate limits on sensitive endpoints such as the login API, enabling unrestricted brute-force or credential stuffing attacks. This issue primarily affects Fleet instances that are directly exposed to the internet without a reverse proxy that overwrites forwarded-IP headers. Instances behind a properly configured proxy or WAF are less affected. Version 4.80.1 contains a patch. If an immediate upgrade is not possible, administrators should ensure Fleet is deployed behind a reverse proxy (e.g., nginx, Cloudflare, AWS ALB) that overwrites `X-Forwarded-For` with the true client IP, and apply rate limiting at the proxy or WAF layer.

🤖 AI Executive Summary

CVE-2026-46356 is a high-severity vulnerability in Fleet device management software that allows unauthenticated attackers to bypass API rate limiting by spoofing client IP headers. This enables unrestricted brute-force attacks against login endpoints and other sensitive APIs. Organizations running unpatched Fleet instances exposed to the internet face immediate risk of credential compromise and unauthorized access to managed devices.

📄 Description (Arabic)

🤖 AI Intelligence Analysis Analyzed: May 20, 2026 12:03
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia Impact Assessment
Saudi government agencies (NCA, NCSC), critical infrastructure operators (ARAMCO, SEC), banking sector (SAMA-regulated institutions), and telecommunications providers (STC, Mobily) utilizing Fleet for device management face significant risk. The vulnerability enables credential stuffing attacks that could compromise administrative access to enterprise device fleets, potentially affecting thousands of managed endpoints. Healthcare organizations using Fleet for medical device management also face operational security risks. The impact is particularly severe for organizations with internet-exposed Fleet instances managing sensitive infrastructure or classified systems.
🏢 Affected Saudi Sectors
Government and Public Administration Banking and Financial Services Energy and Utilities Telecommunications Healthcare Critical Infrastructure Defense and Security
⚖️ Saudi Risk Score (AI)
8.2
/ 10.0
🔧 Remediation Steps (English)
IMMEDIATE ACTIONS:
1. Identify all Fleet instances in your environment and determine if they are directly exposed to the internet or behind a reverse proxy
2. Check Fleet version: instances running versions prior to 4.80.1 are vulnerable
3. Review authentication logs for suspicious login attempts with varying IP addresses
4. Implement emergency rate limiting at the WAF/proxy layer if not already present

PATCHING GUIDANCE:
1. Upgrade Fleet to version 4.80.1 or later immediately
2. Test the upgrade in a staging environment first
3. Verify rate limiting functionality post-upgrade

COMPENSATING CONTROLS (if immediate upgrade not possible):
1. Deploy Fleet behind a reverse proxy (nginx, Cloudflare, AWS ALB, Azure Application Gateway) that:
- Overwrites X-Forwarded-For header with true client IP
- Implements strict rate limiting (e.g., 5 failed login attempts per IP per 15 minutes)
- Validates and strips untrusted forwarded-IP headers
2. Configure WAF rules to block requests with suspicious header patterns
3. Implement IP-based access controls restricting Fleet access to known administrative networks
4. Enable MFA on all Fleet administrative accounts
5. Monitor for brute-force patterns in authentication logs

DETECTION RULES:
1. Alert on multiple failed login attempts from different IPs within short time windows from same user account
2. Monitor for requests with conflicting IP headers (True-Client-IP vs X-Forwarded-For mismatch)
3. Track login attempts with rapidly rotating X-Forwarded-For values
4. Alert on authentication failures exceeding 10 attempts per minute per endpoint
5. Monitor for requests originating from non-proxy sources with forwarded-IP headers present
🔧 خطوات المعالجة (العربية)
الإجراءات الفورية:
1. حدد جميع نسخ Fleet في بيئتك وحدد ما إذا كانت مكشوفة مباشرة على الإنترنت أو خلف وكيل عكسي
2. تحقق من إصدار Fleet: النسخ التي تعمل بإصدارات سابقة للإصدار 4.80.1 معرضة للخطر
3. راجع سجلات المصادقة للبحث عن محاولات تسجيل دخول مريبة بعناوين IP مختلفة
4. تطبيق حد معدل الطوارئ على طبقة WAF/الوكيل إن لم يكن موجوداً بالفعل

إرشادات التصحيح:
1. قم بترقية Fleet إلى الإصدار 4.80.1 أو أحدث على الفور
2. اختبر الترقية في بيئة التدريج أولاً
3. تحقق من وظيفة حد المعدل بعد الترقية

الضوابط البديلة (إذا لم تكن الترقية الفورية ممكنة):
1. نشر Fleet خلف وكيل عكسي (nginx أو Cloudflare أو AWS ALB أو Azure Application Gateway) الذي:
- يستبدل رأس X-Forwarded-For بعنوان IP الحقيقي للعميل
- ينفذ حد معدل صارم (على سبيل المثال، 5 محاولات تسجيل دخول فاشلة لكل IP لكل 15 دقيقة)
- يتحقق من رؤوس IP المحولة غير الموثوقة ويزيلها
2. تكوين قواعد WAF لحظر الطلبات ذات أنماط الرأس المريبة
3. تطبيق عناصر تحكم الوصول المستندة إلى IP تقصر وصول Fleet على الشبكات الإدارية المعروفة
4. تفعيل المصادقة متعددة العوامل على جميع حسابات Fleet الإدارية
5. مراقبة أنماط القوة الغاشمة في سجلات المصادقة

قواعد الكشف:
1. تنبيه عند محاولات تسجيل دخول متعددة فاشلة من عناوين IP مختلفة في نوافذ زمنية قصيرة من نفس حساب المستخدم
2. مراقبة الطلبات برؤوس IP متضاربة (عدم تطابق True-Client-IP مقابل X-Forwarded-For)
3. تتبع محاولات تسجيل الدخول بقيم X-Forwarded-For التي تدور بسرعة
4. تنبيه عند تجاوز فشل المصادقة 10 محاولات في الدقيقة لكل نقطة نهاية
5. مراقبة الطلبات الناشئة من مصادر غير وكيل برؤوس IP المحولة الموجودة
📋 Regulatory Compliance Mapping
🟢 NCA ECC 2024
ECC 2024 A.6.1.1 - Information security policies and procedures ECC 2024 A.8.2.1 - User authentication and access control ECC 2024 A.8.2.3 - Management of privileged access rights ECC 2024 A.12.4.1 - Event logging and monitoring ECC 2024 A.12.4.3 - Protection of log information
🔵 SAMA CSF
SAMA CSF ID.AM-2 - Software and hardware inventory SAMA CSF PR.AC-1 - Access control policy and procedures SAMA CSF PR.AC-6 - Access control for remote access SAMA CSF DE.CM-1 - Detection processes and tools SAMA CSF DE.AE-1 - Anomalies and events are detected
🟡 ISO 27001:2022
ISO 27001:2022 A.5.15 - Access control ISO 27001:2022 A.8.2 - User access management ISO 27001:2022 A.8.3 - User responsibilities ISO 27001:2022 A.8.22 - Restricting access to information ISO 27001:2022 A.12.4 - Logging
🟣 PCI DSS v4.0.1
PCI DSS 2.1 - Restrict access to system components PCI DSS 6.5.10 - Broken authentication PCI DSS 8.1 - Assign unique ID to each person PCI DSS 8.2 - Ensure proper user authentication PCI DSS 10.2 - Implement automated audit trails
📦 Affected Products / CPE 1 entries
fleetdm:fleet
📊 CVSS Score
7.5
/ 10.0 — High
📊 CVSS Vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
Attack VectorN — None / Network
Attack ComplexityL — Low / Local
Privileges RequiredN — None / Network
User InteractionN — None / Network
ScopeU — Unchanged
ConfidentialityN — None / Network
IntegrityH — High
AvailabilityN — None / Network
📋 Quick Facts
Severity High
CVSS Score7.5
CWECWE-290
EPSS0.06%
Exploit No
Patch ✗ No
Published 2026-05-14
Source Feed nvd
🇸🇦 Saudi Risk Score
8.2
/ 10.0 — Saudi Risk
Priority: CRITICAL
🏷️ Tags
CWE-290
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