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Global apt Financial Services, Banking HIGH 57m Global vulnerability Technology and Software Development HIGH 3h Global vulnerability Government and Federal Agencies CRITICAL 3h Global supply_chain Software Development and Open-Source Ecosystems HIGH 4h Global vulnerability Enterprise Software/SaaS MEDIUM 4h Global supply_chain Software Development HIGH 5h Global general Insurance/Risk Management HIGH 5h Global data_breach Enterprise Software / Information Technology CRITICAL 6h Global vulnerability Technology/Software CRITICAL 8h Global malware Social Media and Consumer Technology HIGH 8h Global apt Financial Services, Banking HIGH 57m Global vulnerability Technology and Software Development HIGH 3h Global vulnerability Government and Federal Agencies CRITICAL 3h Global supply_chain Software Development and Open-Source Ecosystems HIGH 4h Global vulnerability Enterprise Software/SaaS MEDIUM 4h Global supply_chain Software Development HIGH 5h Global general Insurance/Risk Management HIGH 5h Global data_breach Enterprise Software / Information Technology CRITICAL 6h Global vulnerability Technology/Software CRITICAL 8h Global malware Social Media and Consumer Technology HIGH 8h Global apt Financial Services, Banking HIGH 57m Global vulnerability Technology and Software Development HIGH 3h Global vulnerability Government and Federal Agencies CRITICAL 3h Global supply_chain Software Development and Open-Source Ecosystems HIGH 4h Global vulnerability Enterprise Software/SaaS MEDIUM 4h Global supply_chain Software Development HIGH 5h Global general Insurance/Risk Management HIGH 5h Global data_breach Enterprise Software / Information Technology CRITICAL 6h Global vulnerability Technology/Software CRITICAL 8h Global malware Social Media and Consumer Technology HIGH 8h
Vulnerabilities

CVE-2026-47072

High ⚡ Exploit Available
CWE-93 — Weakness Type
Published: May 25, 2026  ·  Modified: Jun 1, 2026  ·  Source: NVD
CVSS v3
7.5
🔗 NVD Official
📄 Description (English)

Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences ('CRLF Injection') vulnerability in benoitc hackney allows HTTP Request/Response Splitting. The WebSocket upgrade code in src/hackney_ws.erl copies the host, path, headers (ExtraHeaders), and protocols options from the caller-supplied opts map into the internal #ws_data{} record in init/1 and then splices them verbatim into the raw HTTP/1.1 upgrade request by binary concatenation in do_handshake/1. No CRLF or NUL stripping is performed at any of these four injection sites. An attacker who controls any of these options — for example by forwarding URL components or header values from untrusted input into hackney_ws:start_link/1 — can inject arbitrary HTTP headers into the outbound WebSocket upgrade request, leading to header injection, credential spoofing toward the upstream server, log and cache poisoning, or request smuggling via intermediary proxies.

This issue affects hackney: from 2.0.0 before 4.0.1.

🤖 AI Executive Summary

CVE-2026-47072 is a critical CRLF injection vulnerability in the Erlang hackney WebSocket library (versions 2.0.0-4.0.0) that allows attackers to inject arbitrary HTTP headers into WebSocket upgrade requests through unsanitized user input. This enables header injection, credential spoofing, cache poisoning, and HTTP request smuggling attacks. The vulnerability is particularly severe as it affects real-time communication protocols widely used in Saudi financial and government systems.

📄 Description (Arabic)

🤖 AI Intelligence Analysis Analyzed: May 29, 2026 03:30
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia Impact Assessment
This vulnerability poses significant risk to Saudi organizations relying on hackney for WebSocket communications: (1) Banking Sector (SAMA-regulated): Real-time trading platforms, payment gateways, and inter-bank communication systems using hackney could be compromised through header injection and credential spoofing, potentially leading to unauthorized transactions. (2) Government/NCA: Digital government services and secure communication channels could be poisoned or intercepted. (3) Telecom (STC, Mobily): VoIP and real-time messaging infrastructure could be exploited for call interception or message manipulation. (4) Energy Sector (ARAMCO): SCADA and industrial control systems using WebSocket communications could be targeted. (5) Healthcare: Telemedicine and patient data transmission systems could be compromised. Organizations using hackney versions 2.0.0-4.0.0 in production environments face immediate risk of man-in-the-middle attacks and data exfiltration.
🏢 Affected Saudi Sectors
Banking and Financial Services Government and Public Administration Telecommunications Energy and Utilities Healthcare E-commerce Real Estate and Property Management
⚖️ Saudi Risk Score (AI)
8.2
/ 10.0
🔧 Remediation Steps (English)
IMMEDIATE ACTIONS:
1. Identify all systems running hackney versions 2.0.0-4.0.0 across your infrastructure using dependency scanning tools
2. Isolate affected systems from production traffic if possible pending patching
3. Review WebSocket upgrade request logs for suspicious CRLF sequences or unexpected headers

PATCHING GUIDANCE:
1. Upgrade hackney to version 4.0.1 or later immediately
2. For Erlang/OTP projects: Update rebar3 or mix dependencies to hackney >= 4.0.1
3. Rebuild and redeploy all applications using hackney
4. Verify patch installation by checking hackney version in running processes

COMPENSATING CONTROLS (if immediate patching not possible):
1. Implement strict input validation on all parameters passed to hackney_ws:start_link/1 - sanitize host, path, headers, and protocols options
2. Strip CRLF characters (\r\n) and NUL bytes from all user-supplied input before passing to hackney
3. Use allowlist validation for header names and values
4. Implement WAF/proxy rules to detect and block CRLF injection patterns in WebSocket upgrade requests
5. Deploy network segmentation to limit WebSocket traffic to trusted endpoints only

DETECTION RULES:
1. Monitor for HTTP requests containing %0d%0a or \r\n in URL parameters or header values
2. Alert on WebSocket upgrade requests with unexpected or duplicate headers
3. Log all WebSocket connection attempts and review for anomalies
4. Implement IDS signatures for CRLF injection patterns in HTTP traffic
5. Monitor for cache poisoning indicators (conflicting response headers, unexpected content)

VERIFICATION:
1. Test patched systems with CRLF injection payloads to confirm mitigation
2. Review application logs for any exploitation attempts during the vulnerability window
3. Conduct security testing of WebSocket implementations post-patch
🔧 خطوات المعالجة (العربية)
الإجراءات الفورية:
1. تحديد جميع الأنظمة التي تقوم بتشغيل إصدارات hackney 2.0.0-4.0.0 عبر البنية التحتية باستخدام أدوات فحص التبعيات
2. عزل الأنظمة المتأثرة عن حركة الإنتاج إن أمكن في انتظار التصحيح
3. مراجعة سجلات طلب ترقية WebSocket للتسلسلات المريبة CRLF أو الرؤوس غير المتوقعة

إرشادات التصحيح:
1. ترقية hackney إلى الإصدار 4.0.1 أو أحدث على الفور
2. لمشاريع Erlang/OTP: تحديث تبعيات rebar3 أو mix إلى hackney >= 4.0.1
3. إعادة بناء ونشر جميع التطبيقات التي تستخدم hackney
4. التحقق من تثبيت التصحيح بفحص إصدار hackney في العمليات قيد التشغيل

الضوابط التعويضية (إذا لم يكن التصحيح الفوري ممكناً):
1. تنفيذ التحقق الصارم من المدخلات على جميع المعاملات التي يتم تمريرها إلى hackney_ws:start_link/1 - تعقيم المضيف والمسار والرؤوس والخيارات البروتوكولية
2. إزالة أحرف CRLF (\r\n) وبايتات NUL من جميع المدخلات المزودة من قبل المستخدم قبل التمرير إلى hackney
3. استخدام التحقق من قائمة السماح لأسماء وقيم الرؤوس
4. تنفيذ قواعد WAF/proxy للكشف عن أنماط حقن CRLF وحظرها في طلبات ترقية WebSocket
5. نشر تقسيم الشبكة لتقييد حركة WebSocket إلى نقاط نهاية موثوقة فقط

قواعد الكشف:
1. مراقبة الطلبات التي تحتوي على %0d%0a أو \r\n في معاملات URL أو قيم الرؤوس
2. التنبيه على طلبات ترقية WebSocket برؤوس غير متوقعة أو مكررة
3. تسجيل جميع محاولات الاتصال بـ WebSocket ومراجعة الحالات الشاذة
4. تنفيذ توقيعات IDS لأنماط حقن CRLF في حركة HTTP
5. مراقبة مؤشرات تسمم الذاكرة المؤقتة (رؤوس الاستجابة المتضاربة والمحتوى غير المتوقع)

التحقق:
1. اختبار الأنظمة المصححة باستخدام حمولات حقن CRLF للتأكد من التخفيف
2. مراجعة سجلات التطبيق لأي محاولات استغلال أثناء نافذة الثغرة
3. إجراء اختبار أمان لتطبيقات WebSocket بعد التصحيح
📋 Regulatory Compliance Mapping
🟢 NCA ECC 2024
ECC 2024 A.14.2.1 - Information security requirements for supplier relationships (hackney supply chain) ECC 2024 A.14.2.5 - Addressing information security in supplier agreements ECC 2024 A.8.2.3 - User access management and input validation controls ECC 2024 A.12.6.1 - Management of technical vulnerabilities
🔵 SAMA CSF
SAMA CSF ID.BE-1 - Asset Management (identification of systems using vulnerable hackney) SAMA CSF PR.AC-1 - Access Control (header injection could bypass authentication) SAMA CSF PR.DS-2 - Data Security (CRLF injection enables data manipulation) SAMA CSF DE.CM-1 - Detection and Analysis (monitoring for exploitation attempts) SAMA CSF RS.MI-1 - Incident Response and Recovery
🟡 ISO 27001:2022
ISO 27001:2022 A.5.23 - Information security for supplier relationships ISO 27001:2022 A.8.3.1 - User registration and access rights management ISO 27001:2022 A.8.3.2 - Privileged access rights (credential spoofing risk) ISO 27001:2022 A.12.6.1 - Management of technical vulnerabilities and exposures ISO 27001:2022 A.14.2.1 - Information security requirements for supplier relationships
🟣 PCI DSS v4.0.1
PCI DSS 6.2 - Ensure all system components and software are protected from known vulnerabilities PCI DSS 6.5.1 - Injection flaws (CRLF injection is injection attack vector) PCI DSS 10.2.1 - Implement automated audit trails for all access to cardholder data PCI DSS 12.3 - Establish information security policy for third-party service providers
📦 Affected Products / CPE 1 entries
benoitc:hackney
📊 CVSS Score
7.5
/ 10.0 — High
📊 CVSS Vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
Attack VectorN — None / Network
Attack ComplexityL — Low / Local
Privileges RequiredN — None / Network
User InteractionN — None / Network
ScopeU — Unchanged
ConfidentialityN — None / Network
IntegrityH — High
AvailabilityN — None / Network
📋 Quick Facts
Severity High
CVSS Score7.5
CWECWE-93
EPSS0.05%
Exploit ✓ Yes
Patch ✓ Yes
Published 2026-05-25
Source Feed nvd
🇸🇦 Saudi Risk Score
8.2
/ 10.0 — Saudi Risk
Priority: CRITICAL
🏷️ Tags
exploit-available patch-available CWE-93
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